Hyperactivity as dysfunction of activity, arousal, or attention: A study of research relating to DSM III'S attention deficit disorder

Abstract

Examined the recent shift in emphasis from overactivity to the related constructs of arousal, attention and impulsivity in the study of “hyperactive” children. Studies are reviewed that have led to a reconceptualization of the hyperkinetic disorder that focuses on underlying physiological arousal and attentional components. The adequacy of DSM III diagnostic criteria for Attention Deficit Disorder are considered in light of relevant research revelopments.

Assessment of attention deficits in children.

“…A substantial body of research evidence and clinical data supports the view that many of the behaviors previously included in descriptions of minimal brain dysfunction (MBD) or hyperactivity are signs of a disorder of attentional processes (e.g., Cantwell, 1983; Douglas, 1972; Douglas & Peters, 1979; Dykman, Ackerman, Clements, & Peters, 1971; McMahon, 1984; Rosenthal & Allen, 1978; Whalen & Henker, 1980), although there is continuing rigorous debate and need for further definition and study. The central issue in this article is not whether a cluster of problem behaviors characterized as hyperactivity or ADHD exists, but whether this cluster of behaviors, with its frequently associated learning/cognitive difficulties and conduct problems, is in fact a manifestation of a measurable deficit or deficits in attentional processes.…”