Hyperbaric Oxygen Improves Long-Term Learning and Memory Impairment by Attenuating Neuronal Apoptosis in aMCI Rats

Abstract

Background With the aging of the population and the increasing incidence of neurological diseases, amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) has attracted attention. Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) has gradually shown the potential in the treatment of aMCI as an emerging treatment method in recent times. This study is to observe the effect of HBO on the long-term learning memory of aMCI rats, and investigate the associated mechanisms. Methods Seventy-two male rats (4-month-old) were randomly divided into control (CON) group, aMCI group, HBO group, 24 rats in each group. Each group was randomly divided into CON 1 , CON 7 , CON 28 ; aMCI 1 , aMCI 7 , aMCI 28 ; HBO 1 , HBO 7 , HBO 28 , 8 rats in each group. The aMCI model rats were established in aMCI and HBO groups. HBO group was treated with HBO for 7 days. The ethological and cytopathology which include Morris water maze (MWM) test, HE staining, TUNEL staining and the expression of Fas/FasL on neuron membrane were conducted to evaluate the effects of HBO on day 1, day 7 and day 28 after HBO treatment. Results MWM test showed that the spatial learning and memory ability of the rats decreased in aMCI group, and recovered in HBO group; Compared with aMCI group, the pathological damage of hippocampal nerve cells was alleviated, the number of apoptotic cells was significantly reduced (P < 0.05), and the expression of Fas/FasL on the surface of nerve cell membrane was significantly weakened in HBO group (P < 0.05). There were no significant changes in the spatial learning and memory ability, pathological damage of hippocampal neurons, the number of apoptotic cells, and the changes of Fas/FasL on the surface of hippocampal neurons in HBO 1 , HBO 7 , and HBO 28 groups (P > 0.05). However, in aMCI 1, aMCI 7 , and aMCI 28 groups gradually aggravated (P < 0.05). Conclusion 1. HBO can improve the long-term learning and memory impairment by attenuating neuronal apoptosis in aMCI rats. 2. Fas/FasL mediated cell receptor death pathway is involved in the apoptosis of hippocampal neurons.