Hyperboloid Structures Formed by Polarization Singularities in Coherent Vector Fields with Longitudinal-Transverse Coupling

Abstract

The propagation-dependent polarization vector fields are experimentally created from an isotropic microchip laser with a longitudinal-transverse coupling and entanglement of the polarization states. The experimental three-dimensional coherent vector fields are analytically reconstructed with a coherent superposition of orthogonal circularly polarized vortex modes. Each polarized component is found to comprise two Laguerre-Gaussian modes with different topological charges. With the analytical representation, the polarization singularities, on which the electric polarization ellipse is purely circular (C lines) or purely linear (L surfaces), are explored. The C line singularities are found to form an intriguing hyperboloidal structure.

Truncated triangular diffraction lattices and orbital-angular-momentum detection of vortex SU(2) geometric modes

“…Summarily, for an SU(2) wave-packet Φ M n0 Ω=P/Q under a proper control of TA, the meshy structure shows clear dark holes with number of M − 1, which reveals a topological charge of M in each partial dark region; the classical lattice shows clear bright spots at side row with number of n 0 + 1, which reveals a topological charge of n 0 in each partial dark region. Finally, as an expectation, we note that this method can be further referred to measure more kinds of others complex SU(2) wave-packets such as Trochoidal wave-packets [26,29], Lissajous wave-packets [30], hyperboloid polarized wave-packets [31,32], multi-axis vortices [33,34], and symmetry-breaking SU(2) wave-packets [34]. We note that it is tolerable that there might be ±1 error in holes counting process due to the experimental error.…”

Polarization singularities and orbital angular momentum sidebands from rotational symmetry broken by the Pockels effect

“…Beyond the uniform polarization in scalar fields, the morphology and topology of polarization singularities in vector fields are much richer and subtler, as predicted by Dennis and later verified by Flossmann et al 1112. Recent years have witnessed a rapidly growing interest in these amazing structures, which are found to appear in the skylight13, isotropic microchip laser14, near field nano-optics15, and inhomogeneous anisotropic plates16.…”

Generation of optical vortex array with transformation of standing-wave Laguerre-Gaussian mode

“…In this work, a novel method is carried out to produce the optical vortex array by the transformation of a standing-wave LG mode (the so-called "flower-like" [25] LG mode). Generation of the flower-like LG modes has been provided experimentally by utilizing a largeaperture CO2 laser [26], a solid-state laser cavity compounded of nonlinear medium [25,27,28], and a vertical-cavity surface-emitting semiconductor laser [29]. Unlike a traveling-wave LG mode, a flower-like LG mode, formed by coherent superposition of a pair of traveling-wave ones that carry the same topological charges while counter rotational wave fronts, possesses no OV and has been concerned especially in the study of pattern formation [25,[27][28][29].…”