Hypercapnia and hyperkalaemia

Hassan, Hafeez; Gjessing, J; Tomlin, P. J.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2044.1979.tb08543.x

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…End-tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure (Oscar II SC-123 Datex, Finland) was maintained constant at 4.0-6.0 kPa throughout the procedure to prevent respiratory acidosis causing an increase in plasma potassium concentrations. 2 Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was measured non-invasively (study 1) or invasively (study 2) (Propaq 106, Protocol Systems Inc., USA). Patients received isotonic saline and hydroxyethyl starch Figure 1 Plasma concentrations of potassium in patients during carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum and in the control group in study 1 (appendectomy, nϭ11; broken lines) and in study 2 (colectomy, nϭ17; solid lines).…”

Section: Methods and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in plasma potassium concentration during carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum

Perner

Bugge

Lyng

et al. 1999

British Journal of Anaesthesia

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Hyperkalaemia with ECG changes had been noted during prolonged carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum in pigs. We have compared plasma potassium concentrations during surgery in 11 patients allocated randomly to undergo either laparoscopic or open appendectomy and in another 17 patients allocated randomly to either carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum or abdominal wall lifting for laparoscopic colectomy. Despite an increasing metabolic acidosis, prolonged carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum resulted in only a slight increase in plasma potassium concentrations, which was both statistically and clinically insignificant. Thus hyperkalaemia is unlikely to develop in patients with normal renal function undergoing carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum for laparoscopic surgery.

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Section: Methods and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in plasma potassium concentration during carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum

Perner

Bugge

Lyng

et al. 1999

British Journal of Anaesthesia

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“…23 In anaesthetised dogs, changes in PaCO 2 caused small increases in plasma potassium levels (0.39 mmol/L for every 7.5-mmHg increase in PaCO 2 ), although this was not clinically relevant and no ECG abnormalities were detected. 24 Cases 1, 4 and 6 developed respiratory acidosis; and case 5, organic metabolic acidosis and severe hyperlactatemia. The severity of these conditions may have exacerbated the hyperkalaemia but was unlikely to be the sole contributor to the clinical signs observed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Hyperkalaemia during general anaesthesia: six cases

Louro

Raszplewicz

Alderson

2020

Vet Record Case Reports

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The objective of this case series is to describe the clinical course, treatment and outcome in six dogs following acute hyperkalaemia during general anaesthesia. A total of six dogs were presented for routine surgical and/or imaging procedures requiring general anaesthesia. All patients developed hyperkalaemia (ranging from 7.0 to 8.7 mmol/L, reference interval: 3.4–4.9 mmol/L), and electrocardiographic changes were seen in all but one case. The prognosis for treatment of hyperkalaemia during general anaesthesia appears to be excellent as all dogs fully recovered following treatment. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first reported case series of hyperkalaemia during general anaesthesia in dogs. Our objective is to provide further information regarding possible causes for the development of hyperkalaemia in dogs under general anaesthesia.

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“…47 Frequently cited studies in human medicine report a plasma potassium level increase of 0.3-0.4 mmol/L per 7.5 mmHg increase in PCO 2 during respiratory acidosis. 49,50 To distinguish the impact of acidosis on plasma potassium levels in the described wolves, corrected potassium values were calculated. All three animals presented acute acidosis, respiratory or mixed, but corrected potassium values allowed to exclude acidaemia as the sole cause of the detected hyperkalaemia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unanticipated hyperkalaemia and associated perioperative complications in three captive grey wolves (Canis lupus) undergoing general anaesthesia

Mattaliano

Heberlein

Benedetti

2023

Vet Record Case Reports

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Intraoperative hyperkalaemia has been described in dogs, cats, non‐domestic felids and in a calf. This case series reports the occurrence and associated complications in three captive‐held grey wolves anaesthetised for root canal treatment. Severe bradyarrhythmia associated with hypotension was detected in two cases before hyperkalaemia was confirmed. These also presented with signs compatible with malignant hyperthermia and rhabdomyolysis. In the third wolf, regular arterial blood gas analysis revealed a progressive increase in plasma potassium exceeding reference values 240 min after premedication. Hyperkalaemia was treated symptomatically with standard protocols, and the recovery was uneventful in all three wolves. The cause of hyperkalaemia in the described cases remains unknown and is most likely multifactorial. Prolonged recumbency, long anaesthetic duration and the administration of α2‐adrenoceptor agonists are potential influencing factors. Additionally, malignant hyperthermia, rhabdomyolysis, acidaemia and drug effects are discussed for their potential of causing the described intraoperative hyperkalaemia.

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Hypercapnia and hyperkalaemia

Cited by 16 publications

References 8 publications

Changes in plasma potassium concentration during carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum

Changes in plasma potassium concentration during carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum

Hyperkalaemia during general anaesthesia: six cases

Unanticipated hyperkalaemia and associated perioperative complications in three captive grey wolves (Canis lupus) undergoing general anaesthesia

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