Hypercholesterolemia Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment and Control among Adults in Malaysia: The 2015 National Health and Morbidity Survey, Malaysia

Rifin, Halizah Mat; Lourdes, Tania Gayle Robert; Majid, Nur Liana Abdul; Hamid, Hamizatul Akmal Abd; Hasani, Wan Shakira Rodzlan; Ling, Miaw Yn Jane; Saminathan, Thamil Arasu; Ismail, Hashimah; Yusoff, Muhammad Fadhli Mohd; Omar, Mohd Azahadi

doi:10.5539/gjhs.v10n7p11

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Inversely, several sociodemographic characteristics, such as ethnicity and the availability of health insurance had been found to be negatively associated with the use of LLM [13,14]. In Malaysia, the prevalence of LLM use among individuals with hypercholesterolemia was previously reported [15], however its use among high CVD risk population has yet to be explored. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of LLM use for primary and secondary prevention of CVD among Malaysian adults, and the factors associated with it.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and factors associated with lipid-lowering medications use for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases among Malaysians: the REDISCOVER study

et al. 2022

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Background Lipid-lowering medications (LLM) are commonly used for secondary prevention, as well as for primary prevention among patients with high global cardiovascular risk and with diabetes. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of LLM use among high-risk individuals [participants with diabetes, high Framingham general cardiovascular (FRS-CVD) score, existing cardiovascular disease (CVD)] and the factors associated with it. Methods This is a cross-sectional analysis from the baseline recruitment (years 2007 to 2011) of an ongoing prospective study involving 11,288 participants from 40 rural and urban communities in Malaysia. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify characteristics associated with LLM use. Results Majority (74.2%) of participants with CVD were not on LLM. Only 10.5% of participants with high FRS-CVD score, and 17.1% with diabetes were on LLM. Participants who were obese (OR = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.15–2.83), have diabetes (OR = 2.38, 95% CI: 1.78–3.19), have hypertension (OR = 2.87, 95% CI: 2.09–3.95), and attained tertiary education (OR = 2.25, 95% CI: 1.06–4.78) were more likely to be on LLM. Rural residents had lower odds of being on LLM (OR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.41–0.82). In the primary prevention group, participants with high FRS-CVD score (OR = 3.81, 95% CI: 2.78–5.23) and high-income earners (OR = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.06–2.24) had higher odds of being on LLM. Conclusions LLM use among high CVD-risk individuals in the primary prevention group, and also among individuals with existing CVD was low. While CVD risk factors and global cardiovascular risk score were positively associated with LLM use, sociodemographic disparities were observed among the less-educated, rural residents and low-income earners. Measures are needed to ensure optimal and equitable use of LLM.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and factors associated with lipid-lowering medications use for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases among Malaysians: the REDISCOVER study

et al. 2022

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“…Dyslipidemia, which is an alteration of any lipid components in the blood, is one of the major risk factors of IHD. It was reported that the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia in Malaysia was 47.7% in 2015 [ 3 ]. Hypercholesterolemia leads to the development of atherosclerosis and CHD that can be detected by coronary angiogram or coronary calcium score (CT scan).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association between Inflammation and Pulse Wave Velocity in Dyslipidemia: An Evidence-Based Review

Aminuddin

Lazim

Hamid

et al. 2020

Mediators of Inflammation

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Dyslipidemia is associated with increased arterial stiffness (AS) which may lead to hypertension. Among the methods to assess AS are carotid-femoral and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity. Dyslipidemia is also known to trigger inflammation. C-reactive protein (CRP) is one of the commonest inflammatory markers measured in the clinical setting. However, the association between inflammation and pulse wave velocity (PWV) in people with dyslipidemia is less studied. Therefore, this review investigated the association between inflammation (as measured by CRP) and PWV in dyslipidemia patients. The search of the literature was conducted via PubMed and Scopus database. The keywords used were “aortic stiffness” OR “arterial stiffness” OR “pulse wave velocity” OR “vascular stiffness” OR “carotid femoral pulse wave velocity” OR “pulse wave analysis” AND “inflammation” OR “c reactive protein” OR “c-reactive protein” OR “high sensitivity c reactive protein” AND “dyslipidemia” OR “hyperlipidemia” OR “hypercholesterolemia” OR “hyperlipoproteinemia” OR “hypertriglyceridemia”. The following criteria were used: (1) only full-length original articles published in English language, (2) articles that reported the association between arterial stiffness measured as carotid-femoral PWV (cfPWV) or brachial-ankle PWV (baPWV) and CRP or high-sensitivity CRP, and (3) study involving human subjects. The search identified 957 articles published between 1980 and February 2020. Only eight articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were used for data extraction. Five of the studies were cross-sectional studies while another three studies were interventional studies. Seven out of eight papers found a significant positive association between AS and CRP, and the correlation ranged from mild to moderate association (Pearson r=0.33 to r=0.624). In conclusion, inflammation is associated with increased PWV in patients with dyslipidemia. This supports the involvement of inflammation in the development of AS in dyslipidemia.

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“…Several types of commonly known diseases have been determined to be related to hereditary gene mutations. In developed or developing countries including Malaysia, the major well-known non-communicable health concerns include hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia (Lim et al, 2004 ; Hussein et al, 2015 ; Naing et al, 2016 ; Tee and Yap, 2017 ; Rifin et al, 2018 ). On the other hand, ~5–10% of cancers are known to contain hereditary components (Lu et al, 2014 ; Stanislaw et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge, Awareness, and Perception of Genetic Testing for Hereditary Disorders Among Malaysians in Klang Valley

Chin

Tham

2020

Front. Genet.

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Genetic testing aids patients in making important decisions in the prevention, treatment, or early detection of hereditary disorders. Low awareness of the importance of genetic testing contributes to the increase in the incidence of hereditary disorders. This study aims to explore the knowledge, awareness, and perception of genetic testing for hereditary disorders among local residents of the Klang Valley, Malaysia, and the potential variables that influence their understanding of genetic testing. A survey was conducted in different municipalities of the Klang Valley through self-administered questionnaire assessing the public's knowledge, awareness, and perception of genetic testing. Overall, the results revealed adequate knowledge and positive awareness of genetic testing, in which both were influenced by the respondent's educational level (P < 0.001), field of study (P < 0.001), and status of heard or unheard of genetic testing (P < 0.001). The perception of genetic testing was generally positive and influenced by the respondent's differences in age (P < 0.016), educational level (P < 0.001), field of study (P < 0.001), and status of heard or unheard of genetic testing (P < 0.001). Although positive responses were obtained, ~20.2% of the respondents had never heard of genetic testing. Of the respondents, 24.5% were unwilling to undergo genetic testing, with 25.1% believing that genetic testing tampers with nature and 18% believing that it opposes religion and their beliefs. Such attitude calls for the need to conduct programs to eliminate any misconception, as well as to educate the public to lessen any perceived misunderstanding of the concepts of genetic testing.

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Hypercholesterolemia Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment and Control among Adults in Malaysia: The 2015 National Health and Morbidity Survey, Malaysia

Cited by 11 publications

References 9 publications

Prevalence and factors associated with lipid-lowering medications use for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases among Malaysians: the REDISCOVER study

Prevalence and factors associated with lipid-lowering medications use for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases among Malaysians: the REDISCOVER study

The Association between Inflammation and Pulse Wave Velocity in Dyslipidemia: An Evidence-Based Review

Knowledge, Awareness, and Perception of Genetic Testing for Hereditary Disorders Among Malaysians in Klang Valley

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