Hypercrosslinked polymeric restricted access materials for analysis of biological fluids

Abstract

New restricted access materials based on microporous hypercrosslinked polystyrene have been developed. The materials are aimed to use as packings for solid-phase extraction cartridges to isolate low-molecular-weight analytes from biological fluids (for instance, blood plasma or serum). Two features distinguish these polymers from all known restricted access materials. The first one consists of the microporous hypercrosslinked polystyrene that not only exclude proteins from the sorbent phase but also do not adsorb them on the bead outer surface, and so they do not cause coagulation of blood protein components. Therefore, these materials do not require any chemical modification. The second distinguishing feature is the ability of hypercrosslinked sorbents to take up a wide variety of polar and nonpolar organic compounds. The sorbents were obtained in the form of beads of 60-70 μm in diameter by cross-linking styrene copolymers with 1, 2, and 3% divinylbenzene with monochlorodimethyl ether to 100, 150, and 200% cross-linking degree. The sorbents exhibit all typical properties of hypercrosslinked networks. They do not take up albumin, the major blood protein, and cytochrome C, representative of smaller protein molecules, but are capable of adsorbing drugs, vitamins, and phenyl carboxylic acids (markers of sepsis) from model aqueous solutions.

Hybrid Pd-Nanoparticles within Polymeric Network in Selective Hydrogenation of Alkynols: Influence of Support Porosity

“…The organic phases comprised of STY, DVB, 2 wt.%BPO, and porogen at a monomer/porogen volumetric ratio of 1.5-3 v/v (see Table 2). Samples of the HPS series were synthesized by the cross-linking of the copolymers with monochlorodimethylether using 1 mole of ether to STY unit, according to the procedure described elsewhere [34,35]. The degree of cross-linking estimates was 200%.…”

Synthesis and characterization of waste Styrofoam hypercrosslinked polymer as an adsorbent for CO2 capture

“…The fundamental advantage of MOPs over other microporous materials such as metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), zeolites, and activated carbon is their synthetic versatility, which allows them to take on a variety of morphologies by the combination of various components 34,37 . Due to their low density, high physical and chemical stability, and huge surface area, HCPs have garnered considerable interest in carbon dioxide adsorption 38,39 . Moreover, HCPs are constructed of lightweight and affordable components.…”

“…34,37 Due to their low density, high physical and chemical stability, and huge surface area, HCPs have garnered considerable interest in carbon dioxide adsorption. 38,39 Moreover, HCPs are constructed of lightweight and affordable components.…”

Trace enrichment of phenylcarboxylic acids from a model biological fluid and serum of human blood

“…Therefore, proteins as typical macromolecules are excluded from the interior of sorbent phase. Importantly, proteins do not adsorb or coagulate on the outer hydrophobic surface of the beads due to the specific open‐work structure of HP networks . The fact is that on the surface of a HP bead there are no extended solid hydrophobic sites in the usual perception of the term surface.…”

“…Earlier we described the synthesis of hyper‐cross‐linked sorbents with narrow bead size distribution, characterized their swelling behavior and porosity, and demonstrated their ability to size‐selectively take up certain organic compounds from aqueous solutions under static conditions. As a logical continuation of the previous work this study aims at the solution of a practically important task, namely, SPE pre‐concentration (under dynamic conditions) of seven phenylcarboxylic acids (PCAs) from aqueous solutions, model HSA solutions, and a real human serum by employing the most appropriate hydrophobic hypercrosslinked polystyrene RAM.…”