Hyperglycemia in acute COVID-19 is characterized by insulin resistance and adipose tissue infectivity by SARS-CoV-2

Reiterer, Moritz; Rajan, Mangala; Gómez-Banoy, Nicolás; Lau, Jennifer; Gomez-Escobar, Luis; Ma, Lunkun; Gilani, Ankit; Alvarez-Mulett, Sergio; Sholle, Evan; Chandar, Vasuretha; Bram, Yaron; Hoffman, Katherine; Bhardwaj, Priya; Piloco, Phoebe; Rubio‐Navarro, Alfonso; Uhl, Skyler; Carrau, Lucía; Houhgton, Sean; Redmond, David; Shukla, Alpana; Goyal, Parag; Brown, Kristy A.; tenOever, Benjamin R.; Alonso, Laura; Schwartz, Robert E.; Schenck, Edward J.; Safford, Monika M.; Lo, James C.

doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2021.10.014

Cited by 46 publications

(68 citation statements)

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“…Men are known to accumulate more visceral fat than women, who accumulate more subcutaneous fat [65]. With COVID-19 severity being higher in men, and also significantly associated with higher visceral fat (but not higher abdominal subcutaneous fat) in our study, it is possible that visceral fat is a main risk factor for disease severity, driven by the fact that the disease appears to be targeting adipose tissue cells [66,67]. We show that image-derived phenotypes are useful biomarkers for identifying at-risk subpopulations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Abdominal Imaging Associates Body Composition with COVID-19 Severity

Basty

Sorokin

Thanaj

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The main drivers of COVID-19 disease severity and the impact of COVID-19 on long-term health after recovery are yet to be fully understood. Medical imaging studies investigating COVID-19 to date have mostly been limited to small datasets and post-hoc analyses of severe cases. The UK Biobank recruited recovered SARS-CoV-2 positive individuals (n=967) and matched controls (n=913) who were extensively imaged prior to the pandemic and underwent follow-up scanning. In this study, we investigated longitudinal changes in body composition, as well as the associations of pre-pandemic image-derived phenotypes with COVID-19 severity. Our longitudinal analysis, in a population of mostly mild cases, associated a decrease in lung volume with SARS-CoV-2 positivity. We also observed that increased visceral adipose tissue and liver fat, and reduced muscle volume, prior to COVID-19, were associated with COVID-19 disease severity. Finally, we trained a machine classifier with demographic, anthropometric and imaging traits, and showed that visceral fat, liver fat and muscle volume have prognostic value for COVID-19 disease severity beyond the standard demographic and anthropometric measurements. This combination of image-derived phenotypes from abdominal MRI scans and ensemble learning to predict risk may have future clinical utility in identifying populations at-risk for a severe COVID-19 outcome.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Abdominal Imaging Associates Body Composition with COVID-19 Severity

Basty

Sorokin

Thanaj

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…According to another hypothesis, coronavirus may infect adipocytes and induce adipose tissue dysfunction resulting in lower levels of adiponectin. Finally, decreased levels of adiponectin lead to insulin resistance and hyperglycemia 42 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, decreased levels of adiponectin lead to insulin resistance and hyperglycemia. 42 Soluble fibers are associated with an improvement in the glucose and lipid profile through delay in gastric emptying (GE). In addition, the production of SCFAs in the colon following DF fermentation may reduce the absorption of carbohydrates.…”

Section: Df and Glycemic Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of dietary fiber on common complications in critically ill patients; with a special focus on viral infections; a systematic reveiw

Hajipour

Afsharfar

Jonoush

et al. 2022

Immunity Inflam & Disease

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Background: Viral infections are mostly highly contagious and may cause widespread health problems. Some studies reported that the dietary fiber (DF) may be effective in reducing the complications of viral infections in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. The present review study aimed to investigate the effect of DF on common complications in critically ill patients with viral infections.Methods: A literature review was conducted for the published papers in English from January 2001 to July 2021 using related keywords. Studies with clinical trial or case-control design described the effects of fiber intake on the complications of viral infections in patients admitted to the ICU were collected.Results: DF may reduce the mortality rate of viral infections through modulating inflammatory processes. A higher intake of DF intake may improve hyperglycemia and impaired glucose tolerance in patients with viral infections. A high-fiber formula in enteral nutrition was reported to reduce the risk of diarrhea in patients with viral infections.

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“…In addition to managing chronic diseases, therapeutic reprogramming of AT may have wider implications on the current COVID-19 pandemic, considering that the AT has shown to be an infection reservoir of the SARS-CoV-2 and potentiates the systemic ‘cytokine storm’ of COVID-19 by adopting a pro-inflammatory phenotype upon viral infection [ 244 ]. Notably, infection of AT by SARS-CoV-2 has been found in male patients with overweight or obesity, and such infection is associated with adipose dysfunction characterised by reduced adiponectin and adipsin production, contributing to systemic IR and hyperglycaemia and impaired de novo lipogenesis [ 245 , 246 ]. Although the relationship between obesity and adipose expression of ACE2 is debatable [ 246 , 247 ], the insulin-resistant and obese AT is associated with T-cell exhaustion due to programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) overexpression [ 248 ], altered methylation of ACE2 [ 249 ].…”

Section: Implications Of At Remodelling In Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

The shades of grey in adipose tissue reprogramming

Hui

2022

Bioscience Reports

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The adipose tissue (AT) has a major role in contributing to obesity-related pathologies through regulating systemic immuno-metabolism. The pathogenicity of the AT is underpinned by its remarkable plasticity to be reprogrammed under the condition of obesity, in the perspectives of tissue morphology, extracellular matrix (ECM) composition, angiogenesis, immuno-metabolic homeostasis and circadian rhythmicity. Dysregulation in these features escalates the pathogenesis conferred by this endo-metabolic organ. Intriguingly, the potential to be reprogrammed appears to be an Achilles' heel of the obese AT that can be targeted for the management of obesity and its associated comorbidities. Here, we provide an overview of the reprogramming processes of white AT (WAT), with a focus on their dynamics and pleiotropic actions over local and systemic homeostasis, followed by a discussion of potential strategies favouring therapeutic reprogramming. The potential involvement of AT remodelling in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 is also summarized and discussed.

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Hyperglycemia in acute COVID-19 is characterized by insulin resistance and adipose tissue infectivity by SARS-CoV-2

Abstract: It was brought to the authors' attention by readers that ARDS was not adequately defined. The STAR Methods have now been updated with specific clinical (ventilatory and oxygenation) parameters used to qualify for ARDS along with accompanying references.

Cited by 46 publications

References 0 publications

Abdominal Imaging Associates Body Composition with COVID-19 Severity

Abdominal Imaging Associates Body Composition with COVID-19 Severity

The effects of dietary fiber on common complications in critically ill patients; with a special focus on viral infections; a systematic reveiw

The shades of grey in adipose tissue reprogramming

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