Hypergravity of 10g Changes Plant Growth, Anatomy, Chloroplast Size, and Photosynthesis in the Moss Physcomitrella patens

Takemura, Kaori; Watanabe, Rina; Kameishi, Ryuji; Sakaguchi, Naoya; Kamachi, Hiroyuki; Kume, Atsushi; Karahara, Ichirou; Hanba, Yuko T.; Fujita, Tomomichi

doi:10.1007/s12217-017-9565-6

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Growth conditions of the hypergravity experiment were basically the same as described previously [5] using MK3 centrifuge (Matsukura Co., Toyama, Japan) with the ground control experiments. Plants were grown under 10 × g or 1 × g (as the control) for 25-26 days at 25 ˚C.…”

Section: Plant Materials and Growth Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hypergravity experiments have been performed using centrifuges to investigate effects of gravity on various physiological phenomena [5,6], where it has already been reported that length of the rhizoids and a whole mass (dry weight) of the rhizoid system of a model moss, Physcomitrium (Physcomitrella) patens increased under hypergravity. Investigating responses of moss rhizoid system to altered gravitational conditions will lead to understand the mechanism of architectural regulation in mosses and in root system of vascular plants by gravity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Three-dimensionally visualized rhizoid system of moss, Physcomitrium patens, by refraction-contrast X-ray micro-computed tomography

et al. 2022

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Land plants have two types of shoot-supporting systems, root system and rhizoid system, in vascular plants and bryophytes. However, since the evolutionary origin of the systems are different, how much they exploit common systems or distinct systems to architect their structures are largely unknown. To understand the regulatory mechanism how bryophytes architect rhizoid system responding to environmental factors, we have developed the methodology to visualize and quantitatively analyze the rhizoid system of the moss, Physcomitrium patens in 3D. The rhizoids having the diameter of 21.3 µm on the average were visualized by refraction-contrast X-ray micro-CT using coherent X-ray optics available at synchrotron radiation facility SPring-8. Three types of shape (ring-shape, line, black circle) observed in tomographic slices of specimens embedded in paraffin were confirmed to be the rhizoids by optical and electron microscopy. Comprehensive automatic segmentation of the rhizoids which appeared in different three form types in tomograms was tested by a method using Canny edge detector or machine learning. Accuracy of output images was evaluated by comparing with the manually-segmented ground truth images using measures such as F1 score and IoU, revealing that the automatic segmentation using the machine learning was more effective than that using Canny edge detector. Thus, machine learning-based skeletonized 3D model revealed quite dense distribution of rhizoids. We successfully visualized the moss rhizoid system in 3D for the first time. High resolution refraction-contrast X-ray micro-CT using coherent X-ray optics successfully visualized 3D architecture of rhizoid system of moss, Physcomitrium patens, which is composed of cellular filaments having the diameter of 21.3 µm on the average, for the first time by using machine learning for segmentation.

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Section: Plant Materials and Growth Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-dimensionally visualized rhizoid system of moss, Physcomitrium patens, by refraction-contrast X-ray micro-computed tomography

et al. 2022

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“…No reuse allowed without permission. Takemura et al 2017b). In the present study, we also successfully designed a lab-based prolonged hypergravity experiment using a centrifuge equipped with a lighting system, analyzed the effect of exposure to 8 × g for 10 days on lignin deposition in the peduncle, and on tissue anatomy comparing it between the positions near the apex and the base of the primary inflorescence to discuss the effects of hypergravity at the cellular level, and discussed comparing the results with those of our previous study obtained using hypergravity conditions of 300 × g for 1 d.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prolonged exposure to hypergravity increases number and size of cells and enhances lignin deposition in the stem ofArabidopsis thaliana(L.) Heynh

Shinohara

Muramoto

Tamaoki

et al. 2023

Preprint

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We have performed a lab-based hypergravity cultivation experiment using a centrifuge equipped with a lighting system and examined long-term effects of hypergravity on the development of the main axis (stem) of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana(L.) Heynh.) primary inflorescence. Plants grown under 1 ×g(gravitational acceleration on Earth) conditions for 20-23 days and having the first visible flower bud were exposed to hypergravity at 8 ×gfor 10 days. We analyzed the effect of prolonged hypergravity conditions on growth, lignin deposition, and tissue anatomy of the main axis. As a result, the length of the main axis decreased and cross-sectional area, dry mass per unit length, cell number, lignin content of the main axis significantly increased under hypergravity. Lignin content in the rosette leaves also increased when they were exposed to hypergravity during their development. Except for interfascicular fibers, cross-sectional areas of the tissues composing the internode significantly increased under hypergravity in most type of the tissues in the basal part than the apical part of the main axis, indicating that the effect of hypergravity is more pronounced in the basal part than the apical part. The number of cells in fascicular cambium and xylem significantly increased under hypergravity both in the apical and basal internodes of the main axis, indicating a possibility that hypergravity stimulates procambium activity to produce xylem element more than phloem element. The main axis was suggested to be strengthened through changes in its morphological characteristics as well as lignin deposition under prolonged hypergravity conditions.

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“…Exploring the methodology of 3D morphological analysis of compact rhizoid system will provide a model system that facilitates to analyze that of the root system architecture of vascular plants as well. Hypergravity experiments have been performed using centrifuges to investigate effects of gravity on various physiological phenomena [5, 6], where it has already been reported that length of the rhizoids and a whole mass (dry weight) of the rhizoid system of a model moss, Physcomitrium ( Physcomitrella ) patens increased under hypergravity. Investigating responses of moss rhizoid system to altered gravitational conditions will lead to understand the mechanism of architectural regulation in mosses and in root system of vascular plants by gravity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-dimensional visualization of moss rhizoid system by refraction-contrast X-ray micro-computed tomography

Yamaura

Tamaoki

Kamachi

et al. 2022

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Land plants have two types of shoot-supporting systems, root system and rhizoid system, in vascular plants and bryophytes. However, since the evolutionary origin of the systems are different, how much they exploit common systems or distinct systems to architect their structures are largely unknown. To understand the regulatory mechanism how bryophytes architect rhizoid system responding to an environmental factor, such as gravity, and compare it with the root system of vascular plants, we have developed the methodology to visualize and quantitatively analyze the rhizoid system of the moss, Physcomitrium patens in 3D. The rhizoids having the diameter of 21.3 μm on the average were visualized by refraction-contrast X-ray micro-CT using coherent X-ray optics available at synchrotron radiation facility SPring-8. Three types of shape (ring-shape, line, black circle) observed in tomographic slices of specimens embedded in paraffin were confirmed to be the rhizoids by optical and electron microscopy. Comprehensive automatic segmentation of the rhizoids which appeared in different three form types in tomograms was tested by a method using Canny edge detector or machine learning. Accuracy of output images was evaluated by comparing with the manually-segmented ground truth images using measures such as F1 score and IoU, revealing that the automatic segmentation using the machine learning was more effective than that using Canny edge detector. Thus, machine learning-based skeletonized 3D model revealed quite dense distribution of rhizoids, which was similar to root system architecture in vascular plants. We successfully visualized the moss rhizoid system in 3D for the first time.

show abstract

Hypergravity of 10g Changes Plant Growth, Anatomy, Chloroplast Size, and Photosynthesis in the Moss Physcomitrella patens

Cited by 9 publications

References 24 publications

Three-dimensionally visualized rhizoid system of moss, Physcomitrium patens, by refraction-contrast X-ray micro-computed tomography

Three-dimensionally visualized rhizoid system of moss, Physcomitrium patens, by refraction-contrast X-ray micro-computed tomography

Prolonged exposure to hypergravity increases number and size of cells and enhances lignin deposition in the stem ofArabidopsis thaliana(L.) Heynh

Three-dimensional visualization of moss rhizoid system by refraction-contrast X-ray micro-computed tomography

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