Hyperhydricity and Flavonoid Content of Scutellaria Species In Vitro on Polyester-supported Liquid Culture Systems

Abstract

Additional index words. skullcap, baicalin, baicalein, flavonoid, polyester fiber, medicinal plant, wogonin Abstract. Three Scutellaria species (Scutellaria lateriflora, S. costaricana, and S. baicalensis) were grown in different in vitro physical environments: agar, liquid culture, and liquid culture with fiber-supported paper (with initial media volumes of 20 mL and 30 mL). During an 8-week time course, tissue growth was assessed for each species by fresh weight (FW), dry weight (DW), percent DW, and multiplication ratio. Water use and hyperhydricity were also compared. Scutellaria lateriflora plantlets grown in liquid were hyperhydric despite the greatest accumulation of dry mass, but multiplication diminished with time as plants became hyperhydric. In contrast, S. costaricana and S. baicalensis plantlets had higher FW and DW on agar. With all Scutellaria species tested, plantlets grown on agar or fiber-supported paper were not hyperhydric, and fiber-supported paper with 20 mL initial volume yielded plants with the greatest percent DW. The lowered hyperhydricity was related to reduced water uptake. The flavonoids baicalin, baicalein, and wogonin were quantified in plants grown on fiber-supported paper culture. The baicalin concentrations in in vitro cultured S. lateriflora shoots was comparable to those of field-grown plants. The in vitro method presented a unique opportunity to enhance baicalein content and produce wogonin-rich roots. S. costaricana plantlets in vitro showed high levels of the three flavonoids compared with S. baicalensis and S. lateriflora. Growing non-hyperhydric tissues on fiber-supported paper, in vitro, allowed the clonal propagation of Scutellaria species with increased flavonoid content to proceed in a simple, controlled environment.

Minimizing the hyperhydricity associated with in vitro growth and development of watermelon by modifying the culture conditions

“…The superior values of root number and length (7.4 and 8.5 cm, respectively) were achieved in the aerated rooting medium containing half MS salt-strength (Figure 7). These findings agree with those observed in Maranta (Ebrahim and Ibrahim, 2000;Tascan et al, 2010). According to Niu-Shanshan et al (2006), the best rooting medium for watermelon was halfstrength MS medium supplemented with 0.3 mg L -1 IBA, while Shalaby et al (2008) found that elongated shoots rooted best on MS medium containing 1.2 mg L -1 NAA.…”

Accumulation of valuable secondary metabolites: phenolic acids and flavonoids in different in vitro systems of shoot cultures of the endangered plant species—Eryngium alpinum L.

“…The proliferation parameters were better for shoots grown on the solid media and agitated in the liquid media than maintained in the stationary liquid systems or regenerated from callus. Several authors have reported that shoots growth in the liquid media had a lower multiplication rate than those on the agar media, for example, in in vitro cultures of Schisandra chinensis (Szopa et al 2016), Scutellaria alpina (Grzegorczyk-Karolak et al 2017), S. latifolia and S. costaricana (Tascan et al 2010), and Hypericum perforatum (Savio et al 2011). Moreover, the effect of the cultivation system on S. chinensis biomass growth was studied and the growth parameters were higher for microshoots maintained as stationary liquid cultures compared with microshoots from the agar-based media and agitated shoots in the agar-free media (Szopa et al 2016).…”

Propagation Techniques and Agronomic Requirements for the Cultivation of Barbados Aloe (Aloe vera (L.) Burm. F.)—A Review

“…This is because the explant multiplies more rapidly, a better nutrient availability is established and once the microshoots are acclimatized under in vivo conditions, an improved growth could be observed compared to the traditional ex vitro plant material (Cardarelli et al, 2014). To override tissue hyperhydricity, Ziv (2005) and Tascan et al (2010) proposed the addition of polyester fiber matter without mechanical ventilation.…”