Hyperkeratosis of the Nipple and Areola

Mehanna, Amal; Malak, Johnny A.; Kibbi, Abdul‐Ghani

doi:10.1001/archderm.137.10.1327

Cited by 34 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Levy-Franckel divided this entity into three categories: 1) Lesion occurring with the expansion of the epidermal nevus; 2) Lesion associated with acanthosis nigricans, Darier's disease, ichthyosis, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, or chronic eczema; and 3) The idiopathic form also named isolated nevoid type 3 . According to the classification system proposed by Mehanna et al 2 which has been widely adopted in recent years, primary hyperkeratosis of the nipple and areola is divided into three groups as type 3 which is coincidentally associated with keratinization disorders such as ichthyosis and Darier's disease, type 1 which is associated with hormonal factors or systemic diseases, and type 2 which is entirely considered an idiopathic form. The idiopathic form often affects females in the second and third decade of life and occurs spontaneously 2 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the classification system proposed by Mehanna et al 2 which has been widely adopted in recent years, primary hyperkeratosis of the nipple and areola is divided into three groups as type 3 which is coincidentally associated with keratinization disorders such as ichthyosis and Darier's disease, type 1 which is associated with hormonal factors or systemic diseases, and type 2 which is entirely considered an idiopathic form. The idiopathic form often affects females in the second and third decade of life and occurs spontaneously 2 . In our both cases, there was no previous history of a lesion on the nipple.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since there is a very limited number of cases reported in the literature, the etiology of the disease, associated diseases, disease course, and treatment still remain to be elucidated. Verrucous plaques often seen in females as unilateral or bilateral lesions affecting the nipple and/or areola are typical findings of this dermatosis 1,2 . Herein, due to the rare occurrence of this condition, we report two cases of idiopathic hyperkeratosis of the nipple and areola diagnosed based on the clinical and histopathological findings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Idiopathic hyperkeratosis of the nipple and areola: A report of two cases

Gürel¹,

Şahin²,

Çölgeçen³

2018

TURKDERM

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Meme başı ve areolanın hiperkeratozu, meme başı ve areolanın verrüköz görünüm alması ile karakterize, oldukça nadir rastlanan selim seyirli bir dermatozdur. Hastaların önemli bir kısmını kadın cinsiyet oluşturmasına rağmen nadir de olsa erkek olgular bildirilmiştir. Klinik olarak meme başı ve/veya areolada hiperkeratotik, hiperpigmente plaklar görülür. Tutulan deride eritem ve indurasyon bulunmaz. Son yıllarda en çok kabul gören sınıflandırmaya göre meme başı ve areolanın primer hiperkeratozu olarak gruplandırılan ve rastlantısal olarak iktiyozis ve Darier hastalığı gibi keratinizasyon bozuklukları ile ilişkili olan varyant tip 1, hormonal faktörler ya da sistemik hastalıklarla ilişkili varyant tip 2, tamamen idiyopatik olan form ise tip 3 olarak gruplandırılmıştır. Bu idiyopatik tip genellikle ikinci ya da üçüncü dekaddaki kadın olguları etkiler ve spontan olarak ortaya çıkar Hastalar genellikle kozmetik nedenlerden dolayı hekime başvururlar. Etiyolojisi tam olarak aydınlatılamamış olan bu hastalığın tedavisinde çok çeşitli yöntemler kullanılmıştır. Biz burada klinik ve histopatolojik olarak meme başı ve areolanın idiyopatik hiperkeratozu tanısı koyduğumuz 25 yaşındaki ve 14 yaşındaki iki kadın olguyu sunmaktayız. Anahtar Kelimeler: Meme başı, hiperkeratoz, areola Hyperkeratosis of the nipple and areola, a rarely seen benign dermatosis, is characterized by a verrucous appearance of the nipple and the areola. Females constitute the majority of the cases, however, there are also rare reports of male cases. On clinical examination, hyperkeratotic and hyperpigmented plaques are located on the nipple and/or areola. No erythema or induration is observed on the affected skin. According to a widely adopted classification system, primary hyperkeratosis of the nipple and areola is divided into three groups as type 1 which is coincidentally associated with keratinization disorders such as ichthyosis and Darier's disease; type 2 which is associated with hormonal factors or systemic diseases; and type 3 which is entirely considered an idiopathic form. Idiopathic form often affects female patients in the second or third decade of life and occurs spontaneously. Patients often present due to cosmetic reasons. The etiology of this condition has not been fully elucidated and, to date, various treatment methods have been attempted. Herein, we report two female cases (25-year-old and 14-year-old) of idiopathic hyperkeratosis of the nipple and areola based on the clinical and histopathological examination.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Idiopathic hyperkeratosis of the nipple and areola: A report of two cases

Gürel¹,

Şahin²,

Çölgeçen³

2018

TURKDERM

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“…It is believed that today it is more common than in the past; no evident explanation is provided for that, but it may be due to more accurate diagnosis. [4] The diagnosis is histologically confirmed; deferential diagnosis includes Paget's disease, superficial basal cell carcinoma, dermatophytosis and Bowen's disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surgical approach for nevoid hyperkeratosis of the areola

Foustanos¹,

Panagiotopoulos²,

Diab³

et al. 2012

J Cutan Aesthet Surg

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Nevoid hyperkeratosis of the breast is a rare condition affecting the nipple, the areola or both. It appears in both sexes and it can by lateral or unilateral. It can also accompany other skin diseases or systemic conditions including malignancies. Treatment may not be easy due to aesthetic consequences but surgery seems to be the most preferable therapeutic option. We report such a case successfully managed by surgical intervention.

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“…Other type is secondary to local lesions like verrucous nevus or seborrheic keratosis; or associated with other diseases which include ichthyosis, Darier's disease, acanthosis nigricans chronic eczema, lymphomas, or drug related e.g., diethylstilbestrol and spironolactone [5]. Mehanna et al suggested that the term ‚nevoid' be replaced by ‚idiopathic' [6]. A histopathological examination is mandatory to rule out dermatological conditions and malignancies The main cause of concern for patients of HKNA is the cosmetic appearance of the nipple and areola.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperkeratosis of nipple and areola

Ambika¹,

Chankramath²

2012

Our Dermatol Online

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A 26 year old pregnant female presented with verrucous lesion on nipple and areola of 10 year duration. Histopathology of lesion was consistent with benign pappiloma, which can occur with various clinical differential dignosis which cause clinical picture of hyperkeratosis of nipple and areola. It can occur as isolated entity which is idiopathic or secondary to various causes like epidermal nevus, seborrhoic keratosis, eczema, icthyosis or acanthosis nigricans. Lesion may increase in size in pregnancy and may cause worry to patient regarding nursing the babies in our case. Lesions was removed by radiofrequency cautery.Streszczenie 26-letnia kobieta w ciąży prezentowała brodawkujące zmiany na brodawce sutka i otoczce trwające 10 lat. Histopatologia zmiany była zgodna z łagodną brodawką, która może służyć do diagnostyki różnicowej różnych obrazów klinicznych o charakterze hiperkeratozy na brodawkach i otoczkach sutka. Może ona występować jako pojedyncza jednostka, która jest idiopatyczna lub wtórna z różnych przyczyn, takich jak znamię naskórkowe, rogowacenie łojotokowe, wyprysk, icthyosis lub rogowacenie ciemne. Zmiana może zwiększyć rozmiar w ciąży i może sprawiać zakłopotanie pacjenta w zakresie opieki nad niemowlęciem, tak jak w naszym przypadku. Zmiany zostały usunięte przez przeskórne przyżeganie.

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Hyperkeratosis of the Nipple and Areola

Cited by 34 publications

References 8 publications

Idiopathic hyperkeratosis of the nipple and areola: A report of two cases

Idiopathic hyperkeratosis of the nipple and areola: A report of two cases

Surgical approach for nevoid hyperkeratosis of the areola

Hyperkeratosis of nipple and areola

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