Hyperkyphotic measures using distance from the wall: validity, reliability, and distance from the wall to indicate the risk for thoracic hyperkyphosis and vertebral fracture

Suwannarat, Patcharawan; Amatachaya, Pipatana; Sooknuan, Thanat; Tochaeng, Patiphan; Kramkrathok, Kanjana; Thaweewannakij, Thiwabhorn; Manimmanakorn, Nuttaset; Amatachaya, Sugalya

doi:10.1007/s11657-018-0433-9

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…It has been reported that the KMD data measured with the rulers were susceptible to errors due to their misalignment. 10 , 11 , 14 Thus, the KMD data measured with rulers in this study were verified using IG-KypDisT [Patent Application No. 1701004049; Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…Of all the existing hyperkyphosis measures, the occiput–wall distance (OWD) is a practical measure that can be executed easily using two rulers to measure the perpendicular distance from the landmark to the wall while standing against it. 11 , 12 However, the OWD faces some criticisms, including the following: using the occiput as a landmark could confound data interpretation regarding thoracic hyperkyphosis and increase the chance of errors due to individuals moving their heads, having forward head posture, and the varying shapes of the skulls. 10 , 13 , 14 Moreover, the data taken from two rulers were susceptible to errors due to their misalignment, e.g., not parallel to the landmark and not perpendicular to the wall.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the outcomes in terms of distance could limit data comparison with other hyperkyphosis measures that are mostly reported in terms of spinal angles. 11 , 12 , 14 Consequently, some recent studies have applied the bony prominence of the seventh cervical vertebra (C7) as a landmark for the measurement because it is a stable point over the superior limit of the thoracic spine. 15 , 16 Nevertheless, there was no evidence to confirm the validity and reliability of the outcomes from both landmarks, particularly covering the ages of all of those at a risk of thoracic hyperkyphosis (10 years old and over).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The seventh cervical vertebra is an appropriate landmark for thoracic kyphosis measures using distance from the wall

Wiyanad

Amatachaya

et al. 2023

Hong Kong Physiother. J.

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Background: Hyperkyphosis is frequently found nowadays due to the change in current lifestyles and age-related system decline. A simple hyperkyphosis measurement can be made easily using the perpendicular distance from the landmark to the wall. However, the existing evidence applied two different landmarks [occiput and the seventh cervical vertebra (C7)] and the measurement using rulers was susceptible to error due to their misalignment. Objective: To assess an appropriate landmark for thoracic kyphosis measurement using distance from the wall (KMD), by comparing between occiput and C7, as measured using rulers and verified using data from a specially developed machine, the so-called infrared-gun kyphosis wall distance tool (IG-KypDisT), and the Cobb angles. Methods: Community-dwelling individuals with a risk of thoracic hyperkyphosis (age [Formula: see text] years, [Formula: see text]) were cross-sectionally assessed for their thoracic hyperkyphosis using the perpendicular distance from the landmarks, occiput and C7, to the wall using rulers and IG-KypDisT. Then the Cobb angles of these participants were measured within seven days. Results: The outcomes from both landmarks differed by approximately 0.8[Formula: see text]cm ([Formula: see text] 0.084). The outcomes derived from C7 were more reliable (ICCs[Formula: see text]0.93, [Formula: see text]0.001), with greater concurrent validity with the radiologic data ([Formula: see text] 0.738, [Formula: see text]0.001), with the overall variance predicted by the regression models for the Cobb angles being higher than that from the occiput (47–48% from C7 and 38–39% from occiput). The outcomes derived from rulers and IG-KypDisT showed no significant differences. Conclusion: The present findings support the reliability and validity of KMD assessments at C7 using rulers as a simple standard measure of thoracic hyperkyphosis that can be used in various clinical, community, and research settings.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 69%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The seventh cervical vertebra is an appropriate landmark for thoracic kyphosis measures using distance from the wall

Wiyanad

Amatachaya

et al. 2023

Hong Kong Physiother. J.

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“…Each test was performed three times and the best trial was used [ 22 ]. The distance (cm) between the seventh cervical vertebra (C7) and the wall was measured by a folding ruler to estimate the back-straightening ability [ 23 ]. Body height was measured with a stadiometer and body weight with a digital scale.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patient Education Improves Pain and Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Established Spinal Osteoporosis in Primary Care—A Pilot Study of Short- and Long-Term Effects

Spångéus

Willerton²,

Enthoven

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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Fragility fractures, in particular vertebral fractures, are associated with high morbidity, including chronic pain and reduced health-related quality of life. We aimed to investigate the short- and long-term effects of patient education, including interdisciplinary themes, with or without physical training or mindfulness/medical yoga for patients with established spinal osteoporosis in primary care. Osteoporotic persons aged sixty years or older with one or more vertebral fractures were randomized to theory only, theory and physical exercise, or theory and mindfulness/medical yoga and were scheduled to once a week for ten weeks. Participants were followed up by clinical tests and questionnaires. Twenty-one participants completed the interventions and the one-year follow-up. Adherence to interventions was 90%. Pooled data from all participants showed significant improvements after intervention on pain during the last week and worst pain, and reduced painkiller use (any painkillers at baseline 70% [opioids 25%] vs. post-intervention 52% [opioids 14%]). Significant improvements were seen regarding RAND-36 social function, Qualeffo-41 social function, balance, tandem walking backwards, and theoretical knowledge. These changes were maintained at the 1-year follow-up. Patient group education combined with supervised training seems to have positive effects on pain, and physical function in persons with established spinal osteoporosis. The improved quality of life was maintained at the 1-year follow-up.

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“…The second method requires the usage of two rulers, one to be placed parallel to the C7 prominence and the other to quantify the perpendicular distance from the alignment of the first ruler to the wall. 14 12,18,19 Forward Head Posture and The Muscles…”

Section: Postural Changes In Forward Head Posturementioning

confidence: 99%

Biomechanical Impacts of Forward Head Posture on the Respiratory Function

Triangto¹,

Widjanantie²,

Nusdwinuringtyas³

2020

IndoJPMR

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Introduction: Forward head posture (FHP) is a very common problem among the working population. Being one of the most subconscious function in humans, respiratory function utilizes both the diaphragmand external intercostal muscles for quiet breathing. However during labored breathing, many other muscles will be recruited, and mostly these muscles have attachments in the cervical, thoracic ribcage,and even lumbar vertebrae. By the nature of attachments of these muscles on the cervical vertebra and thoracic cage, it is then plausible that FHP would affect the respiratory function. Methods: Thorough searches were done through international journals for the last ten years regarding the topic of FHP and its impacts to the respiratory biomechanics. Discussion: Previous studies have reported how prolonged FHP will result in kyphotic posture, reducing the mobility of ribcage, and modifies all respiratory muscular attachments such as sternocleidomastoids, intercostals, and to a certain extent, the diaphragm. All these result in a restrictive lung disorder, signified by reducing spirometry values, such as Forced Vital Capacity, Sniff Nasal Inspiratory Pressure, and Peak Flow Rate. Conclusion: Forward head posture disturb the respiratory biomechanics.

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Hyperkyphotic measures using distance from the wall: validity, reliability, and distance from the wall to indicate the risk for thoracic hyperkyphosis and vertebral fracture

Cited by 8 publications

References 18 publications

The seventh cervical vertebra is an appropriate landmark for thoracic kyphosis measures using distance from the wall

The seventh cervical vertebra is an appropriate landmark for thoracic kyphosis measures using distance from the wall

Patient Education Improves Pain and Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Established Spinal Osteoporosis in Primary Care—A Pilot Study of Short- and Long-Term Effects

Biomechanical Impacts of Forward Head Posture on the Respiratory Function

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