Hyperlipoproteinemia in Newborn Infants

Andersen, G. E.; Lous, Per; Friis-Hansen, B

doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1979.tb18438.x

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…Rather, we found cholesterol and apo B levels to be within normal limits in IUGR infants, as have others (27,28,30). In fact, the cholesterol levels in IUGR infants were reduced, although not significantly, compared with those of the control infants.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Plasma total and LDL cholesterol levels are progressively reduced over the last few weeks of normal gestation, whereas fetal adrenal steroid production, particularly that of DS, is increased dramatically (1, 16). On the other hand, in circumstances wherein fetal adrenal DS production is either transiently or chronically reduced, we and others have found increases in fetal plasma LDL levels (3,6,7,16,(26)(27)(28)(29). In the extreme case of fetal adrenal hypoplasia due to anencephaly wherein the fetal zone is primarily affected, total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels may be increased 200-300% above normal ( I 6, 26, 28).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

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Abnormal Adrenal Steroidogenesis in Growth-Retarded Newborn Infants

1994

Pediatr Res

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ABSTRAm. The results of prior studies suggest that abnormalities of development and function of the fetal adrenal occur in pregnancies complicated by intrauterine fetal growth retardation (IUGR). In the present investigation, we sought to extend such studies by matching IUGR infants with normally grown infants of women in whom pregnancy complications, delivery method, and gestational age were comparable. In 47 vaginally delivered, IUGR infants (38 f 2 wk, mean f SD; 2244 f 589 g body weight), the levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DS) in umbilical cord serum (4.48 f 2.94 pmol/L) were lower ( p = 0.035) than those (5.94 f 3.63 pmol/L) of 47 normal weight infants (38 f 2 wk; 3107 f 527 g). Yet, umbilical cord serum levels of cortisol in IUGR infants (455 f 189 nmol/L) were slightly higher than those of the control infants (408 f 247 nmol/L). The DS/cortisol molar ratio in IUGR infants (10.5 2 6.8) was 41% lower ( p = 0.0013) than that of the control infants (17.7 f 13). Also, the estimated DS plasma pool in IUGR infants (521 f 349 nmol) was strikingly lower ( p = 0.0018) than that of the control infants (800 f 480 nmol); the estimated plasma pools of cortisol were equivalent (growth-retarded: 53 f 27 nmol; control: 55 f 34 nmol). Although we anticipated that total cholesterol and apo B levels in IUGR infants would be increased due to reduced adrenal utilization of LDL for DS production, such was not the case. We conclude that a selective deficiency of DS production occurs in the IUGR fetus. (Pediatr Res 35: 633-636, 1994) Abbreviations IUGR, intrauterine growth retardation or retarded DS, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate PIH, pregnancy-induced hypertension Estrogen production in human pregnancy is largely dependent on the production of DS by the fetal adrenals and subsequent aromatization of DS and 16 hydroxy-DS (formed in the fetal liver from DS) in the placenta. In normal fetuses, plasma DS concentrations seem to remain relatively constant during the latter half of gestation with the exception of a progressive rise during the last 6-8 wk of intrauterine life (I). Thus, the fetal plasma pool of DS increases steadily between approximately 20 and 32 wk in concert with fetal growth and then increases strikingly near term (I), giving rise to the accelerated increase in estrogen production that occurs at this time (2,3). In pregnancies complicated by IUGR, maternal estrogen levels are usually sub- normal (4, 5). Impaired estrogen production in such circumstances could result from several factors, including reduced mass of the placenta wherein estrogen formation occurs and decreased adrenal production of DS by the growth-retarded fetus. We (3,6-8) and others (9) have found subnormal DS concentrations in umbilical cord blood of infants believed to be stressed in utero as a consequence of various pregnancy complications. On the other hand, many such infants have normal to increased cortisol levels (6-8). Such findings are suggestive of stress-associated alterations in the adrenal steroid biosynthetic pathway. The...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Abnormal Adrenal Steroidogenesis in Growth-Retarded Newborn Infants

1994

Pediatr Res

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“…In addition, cord-serum lipoproteins and apolipoproteins were similar in all three groups, although infants born to diabetic mothers have been reported to have higher cholesterol and lower triglyceride levels than normal term infants (41,42). One possible explanation for this discrepancy is a difference in gestational age: most of our infants were born at term whereas in previous reports infants have been preterm (4 1, 42).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Postheparin Plasma Lipoprotein and Hepatic Lipase Activities in Hyperinsulinemic Infants of Diabetic Mothers and in Large-for-Date Infants at Birth

et al. 1986

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ABSTRACT. To study postheparin plasma lipase activities in nonfed newborn infants immediately after birth and to investigate the possible influence of fetal hyperinsulinemia on lipoprotein lipase activity, we measured lipoprotein and hepatic lipase activities in 55 macrosomic newborn infants: group I consisted of 21 infants born to mothers with insulindependent diabetes. The infants were hyperinsulinemic at birth and had hypoglycemia and poor lipolysis at the age of 2 h. Group I1 consisted of 18 infants born to mothers with gestational diabetes. Group I11 consisted of 16 largefor-date infants born to nondiabetic mothers. The mean postheparin plasma lipoprotein lipase activities at 2 h of age were similar (mean 36 pmol free fatty acids/ml/h; SEM 15) in groups 1-111. Lipoprotein lipase activity correlated negatively with cord-serum triglycerides (range 0.13-1.2 mmol/liter) but did not correlate with serum insulin (range 5.4-524 pU/ml) or C-peptide (range 0.6-21.0 pgtliter). Hepatic lipase activity was somewhat higher in group I (mean 68 pmol free fatty acids/ml/h; SEM 23) than in groups I1 and I11 (mean 55 pmol free fatty acids/ml/h; SEM 14). Hemoglobin Alc was the only important factor explaining the difference in hepatic lipase activities between groups. Lipoproteins and apolipoproteins A-I, A-11, and B were similar in all three groups. We conclude that in large-for-date infants lipoprotein lipase is active at birth without exogenous fat induction, and that these infants are capable of hydrolyzing fat, their main source of energy, immediately after birth. In addition, we conclude that postheparin plasma lipoprotein lipase activity is not affected by fetal hyperinsulinemia. (Pediafr Res 20: 527-531,1986) Abbreviations FFA, free fatty acids Hb, hemoglobin Soon after birth fat becomes the major metabolic fuel (1): breast-milk fat is readily absorbed through the bowel wall as chylomicrons and liver produces endogenous lipoproteins into

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“…Twelve single-birth term infants born by elective cesarean section at Grace Hospital, Vancouver, B.C., were recruited for this study. This population, chosen to avoid possible effects of labor and delivery on cord plasma cholesterol levels ( 5 , [24][25][26], had a mean gestational age of 38.7 k 0.8 (SD) wk and birth 397 weight of 3372 + 440 g. None of the mothers had diabetes of any origin or hypertension, and all infants were apparently medically and metabolically normal. The mother's choice to breast-feed or use infant formula was made freely without the advice of anyone involved in this study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma Cholesterol and Lathosterol Levels in Term Infants in the Early Neonatal Period

1992

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ABSTRACT. Plasma cholesterol concentrations increase after birth. Whether this is due to increased cholesterol synthesis has not been reported. Additionally, it is not known if formulas, which lack cholesterol, result in higher rates of cholesterol synthesis than feeding breast milk. To address this, plasma lathosterol (quantitated by gas chromatography), a potential indicator of cholesterol synthesis, was measured in term infants at birth (cord) and 4 d of age fed either formula or breast milk (n = 6 each), normal adults (n = 6) at the expected nadir and peak of the diurnal rhythm (1700 h and 0830 h), and cholestyramine-treated hypercholesterolemic adults (n = 6). Plasma cholesterol and apo B increased, and apo A1 (measured by immunoprecipitation) did not change over the first 4 d of life. The increase in plasma cholesterol was greater in the formulafed infants compared with breast-fed infants. The plasma lathosterol concentrations (pmol/L) and the lathostero1:cholesterol ratios (10' x mmol lathosterol/mol cholesterol) decreased from birth to 4 d of age by 12 and 36%, respectively, in the breast-fed infants and by 20 and 46%, respectively, in formula-fed infants. The infant plasma lathosterol concentrations, however, were not different from normal adult levels 11700 h: 5.50 + 1.52 (SD); 0830 h: 6.18 f 1-80], but were lower than those of cholestyramine-treated adults (20.48 f 13.41). Sterol ratios of infants were higher than those of normal adults (1700 h: 112.5 + 26.0; 0830 h: 129.4 f 42.2), but not different from those of cholestyramine-treated adults (322.9 + 168.4). These data show that the evaluation in plasma cholesterol between birth and d 4 of age is not accompanied by increased plasma lathosterol levels, suggesting no increase in cholesterol synthesis. Further, infants fed formula do not have greater plasma lathosterol levels than breast-fed infants.

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Hyperlipoproteinemia in Newborn Infants

Cited by 16 publications

References 23 publications

Abnormal Adrenal Steroidogenesis in Growth-Retarded Newborn Infants

Abnormal Adrenal Steroidogenesis in Growth-Retarded Newborn Infants

Postheparin Plasma Lipoprotein and Hepatic Lipase Activities in Hyperinsulinemic Infants of Diabetic Mothers and in Large-for-Date Infants at Birth

Plasma Cholesterol and Lathosterol Levels in Term Infants in the Early Neonatal Period

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