Hyperoside as a UV Photoprotective or Photostimulating Compound—Evaluation of the Effect of UV Radiation with Selected UV-Absorbing Organic Compounds on Skin Cells

Abstract

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a non-ionizing radiation, which has a cytotoxic potential, and it is therefore necessary to protect against it. Human skin is exposed to the longer-wavelength components of UV radiation (UVA and UVB) from the sun. In the present paper, we focused on the study of eight organic UV-absorbing compounds: astragalin, beta-carotene, 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, hyperoside, 3-(4-methylbenzylidene)camphor, pachypodol, and trans-urocanic acid, as possible protectives of skin cells against UVA and UVB radiation. Their protective effects on skin cell viability, ROS production, mitochondrial membrane potential, liposomal permeability, and DNA integrity were investigated. Only some of the compounds studied, such as trans-urocanic acid and hyperoside, had a significant effect on the examined hallmarks of UV-induced cell damage. This was also confirmed by an atomic force microscopy study of morphological changes in HaCaT cells or a study conducted on a 3D skin model. In conclusion, hyperoside was found to be a very effective UV-protective compound, especially against UVA radiation. Commonly used sunscreen compounds such as 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, and 3-(4-methylbenzylidene)camphor turned out to be only physical UV filters, and pachypodol with a relatively high absorption in the UVA region was shown to be more phototoxic than photoprotective.

Unveiling the Potential of Sm3+ Doped Li2SrSiO4 Phosphor for UVC Dosimetry: Comprehensive Analysis with Synthesis, Morphological, Elemental and Thermoluminescence Studies

“…Long-term harms include photodermatosis, skin aging sunburn, snow blindness, eye irritation and skin cancer . These effects are dissimilar in age and skin color of people. , Usually, the UV wavelengths that reach the Earth are UVA (315–400 nm) and UVB (280–315 nm), while UVC (200–280 nm) is completely absorbed by the ozone layer . Today, the observation of a decreasing thickness of the ozone layer in some parts of the world is of concern because it leads to larger UV-doses to organisms on earth causing a rapid increment in cases of cancers .…”

A Comparative Study between Onion Peel Extracts, Free and Complexed with β-Cyclodextrin, as a Natural UV Filter to Cosmetic Formulations

“…As a result, people are advised to spend a minimum of 20 min a day outside. However, unprotected and prolonged sun exposure is harmful to the skin and can cause several dermatological conditions such as solar sunburn, hyperpigmentation, and skin cancer [4][5][6]. Sunscreen application before sunlight exposure maximizes the benefits and minimizes the harm of radiation on the skin.…”