).Cranial meningiomas occur on the sphenoid wing in 15 to 20% of all cases.1,2 The first surgical experience with sphenoid wing meningiomas (SWM) was reported by Cushing and Eisenhdardt 3 in 1938. They divided SWMs into four categories based on the following location: (1) tumors of the deep or clinoidal third, (2) middle-ridge tumors, (3) en-plaque pterional tumors, and (4) global pterional tumors. Although this system of nomenclature has to be slightly modified to account for contemporary multiplanar imaging and advances in microsurgical techniques, it remains for the most part accurate. Unfortunately, this classification system has not been widely used in the literature.Sphenoid wing meningiomas can involve the dura of the greater and lesser wings of the sphenoid, the anterior clinoid process, the spheno-orbital bone, and the middle cranial fossa. Moreover, the cavernous sinus, the orbital apex and superior and lateral orbital region, the sellar-suprasellar region, the pterygopalatine, temporal, and infratemporal fossae may also be infiltrated in more invasive cases.4 Consequently, the complex extension of these tumors, in addition to their proximity to vital neuronal and vascular structures, has always made them challenging for neurosurgeons.
AbstractSphenoid wing meningiomas (SWMs) typically are histologically benign, insidious lesions, but the propensity of these tumors for local invasion makes disease control very challenging. In this review, we assess whether the degree of resection and extent of cavernous sinus invasion affects morbidity, mortality, and recurrence in patients with SWM. A comprehensive search of the English-language literature was performed. Patients were stratified according to extent of resection and extent of cavernous sinus invasion, and tumor recurrence rate, morbidity, and mortality were analyzed. A total of 23 studies and 131 patients were included. Overall recurrence and surgical mortality rate were 11% and 2%, respectively (average follow-up ¼ 65 months). Cranial nerve III palsy was significantly associated with incompletely versus completely resected SWMs (7 to 0%) as well as meningiomas with cavernous sinus invasion versus no sinus invasion (14 vs. 0%). No significant difference in tumor recurrence rate was noted between these groups. In conclusion, complete excision of SWMs is always recommended whenever possible, but surgeons should acknowledge that there is nonetheless a chance of recurrence and should weigh this against the risk of causing cranial nerve injuries.