Hyperoxia Extends Time to Exhaustion During High-Intensity Intermittent Exercise: a Randomized, Crossover Study in Male Cyclists

Ohya, Toshiyuki; Yamanaka, Ryo; Ohnuma, Hayato; Hagiwara, Masahiro; Suzuki, Yasuhiro

doi:10.1186/s40798-016-0059-7

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…9 and 10). This has been demonstrated during both incremental tests and time to exhaustion (7,8,95,172,176,186,205,207,213,217,221,228,229,258,290,315). Although it has been observed that the magnitude of increase in exercise capacity correlates with the increase in Ca O 2 in the hypoxemic range [e.g., exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia (190)], our analysis of the available literature as seen in Figs.…”

Section: Acute Effects On Performancementioning

confidence: 87%

Highs and lows of hyperoxia: physiological, performance, and clinical aspects

Brugniaux

Coombs

Barak

et al. 2018

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

105

108

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Molecular oxygen (O) is a vital element in human survival and plays a major role in a diverse range of biological and physiological processes. Although normobaric hyperoxia can increase arterial oxygen content ([Formula: see text]), it also causes vasoconstriction and hence reduces O delivery in various vascular beds, including the heart, skeletal muscle, and brain. Thus, a seemingly paradoxical situation exists in which the administration of oxygen may place tissues at increased risk of hypoxic stress. Nevertheless, with various degrees of effectiveness, and not without consequences, supplemental oxygen is used clinically in an attempt to correct tissue hypoxia (e.g., brain ischemia, traumatic brain injury, carbon monoxide poisoning, etc.) and chronic hypoxemia (e.g., severe COPD, etc.) and to help with wound healing, necrosis, or reperfusion injuries (e.g., compromised grafts). Hyperoxia has also been used liberally by athletes in a belief that it offers performance-enhancing benefits; such benefits also extend to hypoxemic patients both at rest and during rehabilitation. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the effects of hyperoxia in humans from the "bench to bedside." The first section will focus on the basic physiological principles of partial pressure of arterial O, [Formula: see text], and barometric pressure and how these changes lead to variation in regional O delivery. This review provides an overview of the evidence for and against the use of hyperoxia as an aid to enhance physical performance. The final section addresses pathophysiological concepts, clinical studies, and implications for therapy. The potential of O toxicity and future research directions are also considered.

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Section: Acute Effects On Performancementioning

confidence: 87%

Highs and lows of hyperoxia: physiological, performance, and clinical aspects

Brugniaux

Coombs

Barak

et al. 2018

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

105

108

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In line with previous findings, 57% of our participants showed EIAH at intensities near to maximum; 7 of the 11 cyclists in the NORM, and 6 of the 12 cyclists in HYPER. The lower the SaO 2 during exercise intensity near to maximum the larger is the effect of acutely breathing hyperoxia on exercise tolerance (Ohya et al, 2016). Therefore, it can be expected that maintaining Hb fully saturated at an exercise intensity near to VO 2 max in cyclists who otherwise exhibit EIAH in normoxia would lead to improved skeletal muscle training adaptations resulting from the increased O 2 delivery.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Hyperoxic-Supplemented High-Intensity Interval Training on Hemotological and Muscle Mitochondrial Adaptations in Trained Cyclists

et al. 2019

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Background: Hyperoxia (HYPER) increases O 2 carrying capacity resulting in a higher O 2 delivery to the working muscles during exercise. Several lines of evidence indicate that lactate metabolism, power output, and endurance are improved by HYPER compared to normoxia (NORM). Since HYPER enables a higher exercise power output compared to NORM and considering the O 2 delivery limitation at exercise intensities near to maximum, we hypothesized that hyperoxic-supplemented high-intensity interval training (HIIT) would upregulate muscle mitochondrial oxidative capacity and enhance endurance cycling performance compared to training in normoxia. Methods: 23 trained cyclists, age 35.3 ± 6.4 years, body mass 75.2 ± 9.6 kg, height 179.8 ± 7.9 m, and VO 2 max 4.5 ± 0.7 L min −1 performed 6 weeks polarized and periodized endurance training on a cycle ergometer consisting of supervised HIIT sessions 3 days/week and additional low-intensity training 2 days/week. Participants were randomly assigned to either HYPER (F I O 2 0.30; n = 12) or NORM (F I O 2 0.21; n = 11) breathing condition during HIIT. Mitochondrial respiration in permeabilized fibers and isolated mitochondria together with maximal and submaximal VO 2 , hematological parameters, and self-paced endurance cycling performance were tested pre- and posttraining intervention. Results: Hyperoxic training led to a small, non-significant change in performance compared to normoxic training (HYPER 6.0 ± 3.7%, NORM 2.4 ± 5.0%; p = 0.073, ES = 0.32). This small, beneficial effect on the self-paced endurance cycling performance was not explained by the change in VO 2 max (HYPER 1.1 ± 3.8%, NORM 0.0 ± 3.7%; p = 0.55, ES = 0.08), blood volume and hemoglobin mass, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation capacity (permeabilized fibers: HYPER 27.3 ± 46.0%, NORM 16.5 ± 49.1%; p = 0.37, ES = 3.24 and in isolated mitochondria: HYPER 26.1 ± 80.1%, NORM 15.9 ± 73.3%; p = 0.66, ES = 0.51), or markers of mitochondrial content which were similar between groups post intervention. Conclusions: This study showed that 6 weeks hyperoxic-supplemented HIIT led to marginal gain in cycle performance in already trained cyclists without change in VO 2 max, blood volume, hemoglobin mass, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation capacity, or exercise efficiency. The underlying mechanisms for the potentially meaningful performance effects of hyperoxia training remain unexplained and may raise ethical questions for elite sport.

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“…reduced peak twitch force postexercise) to that of hypoxic and normoxic exercise in which a lower power output is maintained. Others have also demonstrated that hyperoxia decreases muscle and blood lactate concentrations during submaximal and maximal exercise (Byrnes, Mihevic, Freedson, & Horvath, 1984;Ohya, Yamanaka, Ohnuma, Hagiwara, & Suzuki, 2016;Plet et al, 1992;Stellingwerff et al, 2005). This might reflect increased oxidation rates of pyruvate and reduced net glycogen utilization (i.e.…”

Section: Effect Of Hyperoxia On Performancementioning

confidence: 98%

Hyperoxia enhances self‐paced exercise performance to a greater extent in cool than hot conditions

Périard

Houtkamp

Bright

et al. 2019

Experimental Physiology

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New Findings What is the central question of this study?Hyperoxia enhances endurance performance by increasing O2 availability to locomotor muscles. We investigated whether hyperoxia can also improve prolonged self‐paced exercise in conditions of elevated thermal and cardiovascular strain. What is the main finding and its importance?Hyperoxia improved self‐paced exercise performance in hot and cool conditions. However, the extent of the improvement (increased work rate relative to normoxia) was greater in cool conditions. This suggests that the development of thermal and cardiovascular strain during prolonged self‐paced exercise under heat stress might attenuate the hyperoxia‐mediated increase in O2 delivery to locomotor muscles. Abstract The aim of this study was to determine whether breathing hyperoxic gas when self‐paced exercise performance is impaired under heat stress enhances power output. Nine well‐trained male cyclists performed four 40 min cycling time trials: two at 18°C (COOL) and two at 35°C (HOT). For the first 30 min, participants breathed ambient air, and for the remaining 10 min normoxic (fraction of inspired O2 0.21; NOR) or hyperoxic (fraction of inspired O2 0.45; HYPER) air. During the first 30 min of the time trials, power output was lower in the HOT (∼250 W) compared with COOL (∼273 W) conditions (P < 0.05). In the final 10 min, power output was higher in HOT‐HYPER (264 ± 25 W) than in HOT‐NOR (244 ± 31 W; P = 0.008) and in COOL‐HYPER (315 ± 28 W) than in COOL‐NOR (284 ± 25 W; P < 0.001). The increase in absolute power output in COOL‐HYPER was greater than in HOT‐HYPER (∼12 W; P = 0.057), as was normalized power output (∼30%; P < 0.001). The peripheral capillary percentage oxygen saturation increased in HOT‐HYPER and COOL‐HYPER (P < 0.05), with COOL‐HYPER being higher than HOT‐HYPER (P < 0.01). Heart rate was higher during the HOT compared with COOL trials (P < 0.01), as were mean skin temperature (P < 0.001) and peak rectal temperature (HOT, ∼39.5°C and COOL, ∼38.9°C; P < 0.01). Thermal discomfort was also higher in the HOT compared with COOL (P < 0.01), whereas ratings of perceived exertion were similar (P > 0.05). Hyperoxia enhanced performance during the final 25% of a 40 min time trial in both HOT and COOL conditions compared with normoxia. However, the attenuated increase in absolute and normalized power output noted in the HOT condition suggests that heat stress might mitigate the influence of hyperoxia.

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Hyperoxia Extends Time to Exhaustion During High-Intensity Intermittent Exercise: a Randomized, Crossover Study in Male Cyclists

Cited by 11 publications

References 33 publications

Highs and lows of hyperoxia: physiological, performance, and clinical aspects

Highs and lows of hyperoxia: physiological, performance, and clinical aspects

Influence of Hyperoxic-Supplemented High-Intensity Interval Training on Hemotological and Muscle Mitochondrial Adaptations in Trained Cyclists

Hyperoxia enhances self‐paced exercise performance to a greater extent in cool than hot conditions

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