Hyperprolactinemia and bone

Filippo, Luigi di; Doga, Mauro; Resmini, Eugenia; Giustina, Andrea

doi:10.1007/s11102-020-01041-3

Cited by 39 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…Differences between treatments in children aged 2-10 years were most pronounced. These results are contrary to a theory 63 linking antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia with reduced bone mineral density and fractures, mainly in elderly populations 180,181 . Further validation studies in ASD children should therefore be carried out, and they should adjust for other potential confounding factors that were unavailable in our study.…”

Section: Overall Implications and Recommendationscontrasting

confidence: 98%

“…These results cast doubt on previously proposed mechanisms by which antipsychotics might affect bone health. Firstly, drug-induced hyperprolactinemia has been proposed as a possible mechanism leading to fractures 63,64 . Yet, of the drugs we studied, only risperidone increases prolactin levels while aripiprazole actually decreases prolactin levels 65,66 and it was with aripiprazole that we observed increased fracture risk.…”

Section: Safety Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Introduction and heart rate 62 . These findings, coupled with case reports 63 , have raised concerns over the potential increased risk of more serious cardiovascular (SCV) events such as stroke, myocardial infarction (MI), and cardiac arrhythmias 64 . A handful of observational studies in large samples have been conducted, but on data from over a decade ago, with limited statistical power due to rarity of outcomes, and have provided inconsistent results [65][66][67][68][69][70] .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Utilisation and outcomes of treatment in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Houghton¹

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Section: Overall Implications and Recommendationscontrasting

confidence: 98%

Section: Safety Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Utilisation and outcomes of treatment in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Houghton¹

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“…Hyperprolactinemia per se or through hypogonadism induces an increased bone turnover, with a predominance of bone resorption and, consequently, an increased occurrence of osteopenia and osteoporosis ( 11 , 36 , 37 , 38 ). Suppressed levels of osteocalcin (OC), high collagen type I crosslinked N-telopeptide (NTX), and increased receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin ratio have been reported in patients with prolactinoma ( 39 , 40 ).…”

Section: Clinical Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Italian Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AME) and International Chapter of Clinical Endocrinology (ICCE). Position statement for clinical practice: prolactin-secreting tumors

Cozzi

Ambrosio

Attanasio³

et al. 2022

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Prolactinomas are the most frequent pituitary adenomas. Prolactinoma may occur in different clinical settings and always require an individually tailored approach. This is the reason why a panel of Italian neuroendocrine experts was charged with the task to provide indications for the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches that can be easily applied in different contexts. The document provides 15 recommendations for diagnosis and 54 recommendations for treatment, issued according to the GRADE system. The level of agreement among panel members was formally evaluated by RAND-UCLA methodology. In the last century prolactinomas represented the paradigm of pituitary tumors for whom the development of highly effective drugs obtained the best results, allowing to avoid neurosurgery in most cases. The impressive improvement of neurosurgical endoscopic techniques allows a far better definition of the tumoral tissue during surgery and the remission of endocrine symptoms in many patients with pituitary tumors. Consequently, this refinement of neurosurgery is changing the therapeutic strategy in prolactinomas, allowing the definitive cure of some patients with permanent discontinuation of medical therapy.

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“…The fact that histological and morphological changes in the hippocampus are induced by disruption of masticatory function at any age, after weaning as well as in aged animal models, is of clinical significance. In recent years, the concept of prevention has been associated with that of a repository to be maintained through life: when a biological reserve has been exhausted, prevention is no longer meaningful because the pathological process has already begun, even if it may take years to show itself clinically [45]. The results of this review suggest that the masticatory function may have a role in preserving and continuing stimulating hippocampal trophism, contributing to slow down the gradual cognitive decay associated with old age.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Altered mastication adversely impacts morpho-functional features of the hippocampus: A systematic review on animal studies in three different experimental conditions involving the masticatory function

et al. 2020

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Recent results have established that masticatory function plays a role not only in the balance of the stomatognathic system and in the central motor control, but also in the trophism of the hippocampus and in the cognitive activity. These implications have been shown in clinical studies and in animal researches as well, by means of histological, biochemical and behavioural techniques. This systematic review describes the effects of three forms of experimentally altered mastication, namely soft-diet feeding, molar extraction and bite-raising, on the trophism and function of the hippocampus in animal models. Through a systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, OpenGray and GrayMatters, 645 articles were identified, 33 full text articles were assessed for eligibility and 28 articles were included in the review process. The comprehensiveness of reporting was evaluated with the ARRIVE guidelines and the risk of bias with the SYRCLE RoB tool. The literature reviewed agrees that a disturbed mastication is significantly associated with a reduced number of hippocampal pyramidal neurons in Cornu Ammonis (CA)1 and CA3, downregulation of Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), reduced synaptic activity, reduced neurogenesis in the Dentate Gyrus (DG), glial proliferation, and reduced performances in behavioural tests, indicating memory impairment and reduced spatial orientation. Moreover, while the biteraised condition, characterized by occlusal instability, is known to be a source of stress, softdiet feeding and molar extractions were not consistently associated with a stress response. More research is needed to clarify this topic. The emerging role of chewing in the preservation of hippocampal trophism, neurogenesis and synaptic activity is worthy of interest and may contribute to the study of neurodegenerative diseases in new and potentially relevant ways.

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Hyperprolactinemia and bone

Cited by 39 publications

References 88 publications

Utilisation and outcomes of treatment in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Utilisation and outcomes of treatment in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Italian Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AME) and International Chapter of Clinical Endocrinology (ICCE). Position statement for clinical practice: prolactin-secreting tumors

Altered mastication adversely impacts morpho-functional features of the hippocampus: A systematic review on animal studies in three different experimental conditions involving the masticatory function

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