Hyperprolactinemia of various genesis in premenopause: effect on cardiovascular risks, a practical aspect

Abstract

The pathological aspects of hyperprolactinemia have been well studied to date and primarily affect changes in the reproductive system. Regardless of the genesis of hyperprolactinemia, negative changes include, first of all, dysmenorrhea and hyperan drogenism. Changes in the mammary glands include galactorrhea, mastopathy, and the development of breast cancer. The pathological effects of hyperprolactinemia on other organs and systems, including the cardiovascular system, have been studied less. Few existing studies suggest that elevated prolactin levels can potentially affect cardiovas cular risks and provoke myocardial remodeling, arterial hypertension, hyperhomocys teinemia, and disorders of the plasma lipid profile. Menopausal women are particularly vulnerable in this regard, as the cardioprotective role of estrogens is significantly re duced during this period. In this article, we examined the effect of hyperprolactinemia on the formation of cardiovascular disorders in premenopausal women. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of hyperprolactinemia on the genesis of cardiovascular pathology in premenopausal women. Materials and methods: three groups of premenopausal patients were examined. The patients of the first group (n=26) had previously been diagnosed with pituitary adenoma and were treated with cabergoline, maintaining the target prolactin level for at least two years. According to pituitary MRI, prolactinoma and elevated prolactin levels were de tected in the patients of the second group (n=21), but these patients did not take prolac tin-lowering therapy for various reasons. The third group consisted of the patients with idiopathic hyperprolactinemia who did not receive prolactin-lowering therapy (n=19). The patients of all three groups underwent general clinical examination, determination of the daily blood pressure profile, ECG, echocardiography, determination of the level of lipidogram, homocysteine, and other markers of cardiovascular risk. The results of the study showed that regardless of its genesis, pathological hyperprolactinemia influences the development of cardiovascular pathology in premenopausal women.