Hypersensitive Response in Plants

Camagna, Maurizio; Takemoto, Daigo

doi:10.1002/9780470015902.a0020103.pub2

Cited by 20 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…However, DREBs are typically known to recognize DRE/CRT conferring resistance against abiotic stresses whilst ERFs bind to GCC-box promoting defense against biotic stresses. ERF113 was reported to bind to the GCC-box [77], but not tested on DRE/CRT motif. To date, only a few ERFs were reported with binding preferences on both GCC-box and DRE/CRT conferring resistance against pathogens attack [79,80,81,82].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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EgJUB1 and EgERF113 transcription factors as master regulators of defense response in Elaeis guineensis against the hemibiotrophic Ganoderma boninense

Sakeh

Abdullah

Bahari

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Hemibiotrophic pathogen such as the fungal pathogen Ganoderma boninense that is destructive to oil palm, manipulates host defense mechanism by strategically switching from biotrophic to necrotrophic phase. Our previous study revealed two distinguishable expression profiles of oil palm genes that formed the basis in deducing biotrophic phase at early interaction which switched to necrotrophic phase at later stage of infection. Results The present report is a continuing study from our previous published transcriptomic profiling of oil palm seedlings against G. boninense. We focused on identifying differentially expressed genes (DEGs) encoding transcription factors (TFs) from the same RNA-seq data resulting in 106 upregulated and 108 downregulated TFs being identified. DEGs involved in four established defense-related pathways are presented which are responsible in cell wall modification, reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated signaling, programmed cell death (PCD) and plant innate immunity. We discovered upregulation of JUNGBRUNNEN 1 (EgJUB1) during fungal biotrophic phase while Ethylene Responsive Factor 113 (EgERF113) demonstrated prominent upregulation when the palm switches to defense against necrotrophic phase. EgJUB1 was shown to have binding activity to a 19 bp palindromic SNBE1 element, WNNYBTNNNNNNNAMGNHW found in the promoter region of co-expressing EgHSFC-2b. Further in silico analysis of promoter regions revealed co-expression of EgJUB1 with TFs containing SNBE1 element with single nucleotide change at either the 5th or 18th position. Meanwhile, EgERF113 binds to both GCC and DRE/CRT elements promoting plasticity in upregulating the downstream defense-related genes. Both TFs were proven to be nuclear localized based on subcellular localization experiment using onion epidermal cells. Conclusion Our findings demonstrated unprecedented transcriptional reprogramming of specific TFs potentially to enable regulation of specific set of genes during different infection phases of this hemibiotrophic fungal pathogen. The results propose EgJUB1 and EgERF113 as key TFs in orchestrating the defense mechanisms during biotrophic and during the subsequent transition to necrotrophic phase, respectively. Identification of these phase-specific oil palm TFs is important in designing strategies to tackle or attenuate the progress of infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ERF108 has been reported in JA-induced defense response against wounding and pathogens [72,73]. Similarly, ERF113 was shown to be induced upon wounding [74,75], as well as pathogens infection [76,77].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

EgJUB1 and EgERF113 transcription factors as master regulators of defense response in Elaeis guineensis against the hemibiotrophic Ganoderma boninense

Sakeh

Abdullah

Bahari

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…During Oat dwarf virus (ODV) infection, the NbFDN1 is an important component induced by H 2 O 2 expression, resulting in HRLI cell death [50]. The HR involves a complex interaction of host and pathogen factors, so neither the mechanism of HR regulation nor its induction is well understood [51]. Among the 51 interaction proteins, the HRLI protein appeared five times, as suggested its high frequency being pulled out by using SMV P3 as a bait protein, and its important role in SMV infection host plants was chosen for further analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Analysis of Soybean Mosaic Virus P3 Protein Interactors and Hypersensitive Response-Like Lesion-Inducing Protein Function

Luan

Liao

Niu

et al. 2019

IJMS

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Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) is one of the most prevalent and important pathogens of soybean, which produces 11 proteins, and the third protein, P3, was suggested to be involved in virus movement and replication, as well as host infection. During the virus infection, host proteins are essential in the virus cycle. However, there is no comprehensive report on the network of host proteins that interact with P3. Fifty-one interactors were identified by using the P3 protein as the bait against the SMV SC15 strain-challenged soybean cDNA library. These proteins were classified into five groups, including transport and protein transport-related proteins, defense and disease-related proteins, photosynthesis proteins, cellular metabolic proteins, and unknown proteins. Among these proteins, the protein defined as hypersensitive response-like lesion-inducing (HRLI) appeared multiple times and showed strong affinity with P3, which indicated its important role in SMV infection. Thus, it was chosen for further investigation. Phylogenetic classification showed that paralog proteins GmHRLI-1 and GmHRLI-2 clustered together and shared 90% homologous identity. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assay was carried out to confirm the interaction, and fluorescence was detected at the cell periplasmic as well as at the nucleus. Subcellular localization showed that GmHRLI was localized to the cell periplasmic, while the co-localization of GmHRLI and P3 signals was also observed in the nucleus, suggesting that GmHRLI could interact with P3 and promoted the translation of P3 to the nucleus. Moreover, the gene expression of GmHRLI was abundant in the roots, leaves, and flowers, and could be induced by SMV infection, suggesting its involvement in SMV infection. Our results together lay the foundation to explore the mechanisms of P3 in the HR process and the HRLI protein function in SMV response.

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“…HR can be morphologically defined as a type of programmed cell death (PCD) that shares features with different forms of cell death studied in animals (e.g., apoptosis, necroptosis and pyroptosis), such as cytoplasmic shrinkage, chromatin condensation and mitochondrial swelling, but also presents unique characteristics of plants, such as vacuolization and chloroplast disruption in the final stages of the process (Salguero‐Linares & Coll, 2019). HR has already been verified in different plant species and in response to infections caused by a diverse range of aggressors, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, oomycetes, nematodes, insects and even in response to parasitic plants (Balint‐Kurti, 2019; Camagna & Takemoto, 2018; Govrin & Levine, 2000; Höglund, Larsson, & Wingsle, 2005; Huang et al, 2004; Hussain, Mansoor, Iram, Zafar, & Briddon, 2007; Runyon, Mescher, & De Moraes, 2010; Vleeshouwers, Van Dooijeweert, Govers, Kamoun, & Colon, 2000).…”

Section: The Innate Immune System and The Hypersensitive Response: Anmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Under stress conditions, plant cells overcome this protection by generating the so‐called “oxidative explosion,” consisting mainly of H 2 O 2 (O'Brien et al, 2012). This accumulation of ROS plays a central role during HR, by triggering and regulating the development of the response (Camagna & Takemoto, 2018; O'Brien et al, 2012).…”

Section: Signal Transductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypersensitive response: From NLR pathogen recognition to cell death response

Dalio

Paschoal

Arena

et al. 2020

Annals of Applied Biology

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A wide range of potentially plant pathogenic microorganisms are naturally present in the environment. Despite relying only on the innate immune system, plants are able to resist most of the pathogens. Plants employ a multi‐layered defence system in which the first layer triggers the basal resistance (pathogen‐associated molecular pattern‐triggered immunity [PTI]). The second layer occurs when a resistance protein (R protein) that mostly encodes nucleotide‐binding leucine‐rich repeat receptors (NLRs) recognises an effector molecule secreted by an adapted pathogen, leading to effector‐triggered immunity (ETI), which triggers the hypersensitive response (HR). More recently, ETI was shown to restore and potentiate PTI signalling components, leading to a robust immune response. Multiple mechanisms of regulation are employed to guarantee proper HR activation. NLR proteins can interact between them and form a heel‐like pentamer that anchors to the plasma membrane. Furthermore, NLRs and other proteins can cooperate with NLRs to propagate the immune signalling. Downstream to the recognition of the pathogen by the plant, a rapid cellular response is initiated involving the generation of signalling events that precedes the HR. Here, we summarise the mechanisms involved in HR and highlight new advances in the knowledge of the immune system signalling. We also approach the role of HR threshold during infection by biotrophic, necrotrophic and hemibiotrophic pathogens and the impact in plant fitness and the community of pathogens found in the environment.

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Hypersensitive Response in Plants

Cited by 20 publications

References 48 publications

EgJUB1 and EgERF113 transcription factors as master regulators of defense response in Elaeis guineensis against the hemibiotrophic Ganoderma boninense

EgJUB1 and EgERF113 transcription factors as master regulators of defense response in Elaeis guineensis against the hemibiotrophic Ganoderma boninense

Comprehensive Analysis of Soybean Mosaic Virus P3 Protein Interactors and Hypersensitive Response-Like Lesion-Inducing Protein Function

Hypersensitive response: From NLR pathogen recognition to cell death response

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