Hyperserotoninemia and serotonin receptor antibodies in children with autism but not mental retardation

Singh, Vijendra K.; Singh, Edith A.; Warren, Reed P.

doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(96)00522-7

Cited by 86 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In particular, Pb has shown to disrupt dopamine system in mesencephalic cells, causing necrosis and apoptosis (Scortegagna and Hanbauer 1997). Increased levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid, serotonin, and dopamine have been found in the plasma of autistic patients aged 4-12 years with respect to age-matched control children (El-Ansary et al 2011) in agreement with previous works (Singh et al 1997;Stone et al 2007). Thus, postnatal lead exposure might represent a r i s k f a c t o r i n t h e p a t h o g e n e s i s o f a u t i s m , considering the implications of dopamine in mental and neurological disorders (El-Ansary et al 2011).…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Neurotoxicitysupporting

confidence: 92%

The Role of Heavy Metal Pollution in Neurobehavioral Disorders: a Focus on Autism

Gorini

Muratori

Morales

2014

Rev J Autism Dev Disord

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An increasing evidence supports the role of industrial chemicals as contributors to the development of neurobehavioral disorders, including autism spectrum disorders, whose prevalence has progressively increased in recent years. Heavy metals, in particular, are recognized as neurodevelopmental toxins since they can be responsible of fetal damages which lead to neurological defects, developmental delays, learning disabilities and behavioral abnormalities. Most of the reviewed studies reported a relationship between exposure to metals during perinatal and early childhood periods and increased risk for autism. Moreover, the effects resulting from co-exposure to multiple metals should not be underestimated, especially in the assessment of children who live in developing countries or near heavily contaminated sites.

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Section: Mechanisms Of Neurotoxicitysupporting

confidence: 92%

The Role of Heavy Metal Pollution in Neurobehavioral Disorders: a Focus on Autism

Gorini

Muratori

Morales

2014

Rev J Autism Dev Disord

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“…97,98 Serotonin has wide-ranging effects on physiological processes in the nervous, GI, and immune systems. Antibodies directed against serotonin receptors have also been reported in ASD, 62,99 suggesting that the availability of serotonin may be different in ASD. Depletion of tryptophan, the precursor to serotonin, has been linked to increases in behaviors associated with ASD.…”

Section: Neurotransmittersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune Dysfunction in Autism: A Pathway to Treatment

2010

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Summary: Autism is a complex and clinically heterogeneous disorder with a spectrum of symptoms. Clinicians, schools, and service agencies worldwide have reported a dramatic increase in the number of children identified with autism. Despite expanding research, the etiology and underlying biological processes of autism remain poorly understood, and the relative contribution from genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors remains unclear. Although autism affects primarily brain function (especially affect, social functioning, and cognition), it is unknown to what extent other organs and systems are disrupted. Published findings have identified widespread changes in the immune systems of children with autism, at both systemic and cellular levels. Brain specimens from autism subjects exhibit signs of active, ongoing inflammation, as well as alterations in gene pathways associated with immune signaling and immune function. Moreover, many genetic studies have indicated a link between autism and genes that are relevant to both the nervous system and the immune system. Alterations in these pathways can affect function in both systems. Together, these reports suggest that autism may in fact be a systemic disorder with connections to abnormal immune responses. Such immune system dysfunction may represent novel targets for treatment. A better understanding of the involvement of the immune response in autism, and of how early brain development is altered, may have important therapeutic implications.

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“…These are anti-5HT receptor IgG autoantibodies [151,186], and also autoantibodies targeting non-identified antigens in the basal ganglia, prefrontal and temporal cortex, cingulate gyrus and cerebellum [187,188] specifically against the Purkinje cells [155,189]. IgGs and IgMs against brain endothelial cells were increased in ASD patients measured by (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) ELISA [190].…”

Section: Autism Spectrum Disorder (Asd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Autoantibodies in Neuropsychiatric Disorders

et al. 2016

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Abstract:Little is known about the etiology of neuropsychiatric disorders. The identification of autoantibodies targeting the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA-R), which causes neurological and psychiatric symptoms, has reinvigorated the hypothesis that other patient subgroups may also suffer from an underlying autoimmune condition. In recent years, a wide range of neuropsychiatric diseases and autoantibodies targeting ion-channels or neuronal receptors including NMDA-R, voltage gated potassium channel complex (VGKC complex), α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPA-R), γ-aminobutyric acid receptor (GABA-R) and dopamine receptor (DR) were studied and conflicting reports have been published regarding the seroprevalence of these autoantibodies. A clear causative role of autoantibodies on psychiatric symptoms has as yet only been shown for the NMDA-R. Several other autoantibodies have been related to the presence of certain symptoms and antibody effector mechanisms have been proposed. However, extensive clinical studies with large multicenter efforts to standardize diagnostic procedures for autoimmune etiology and animal studies are needed to confirm the pathogenicity of these autoantibodies. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge of neuronal autoantibodies in the major neuropsychiatric disorders: psychotic, major depression, autism spectrum, obsessive-compulsive and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders.

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Hyperserotoninemia and serotonin receptor antibodies in children with autism but not mental retardation

Cited by 86 publications

References 10 publications

The Role of Heavy Metal Pollution in Neurobehavioral Disorders: a Focus on Autism

The Role of Heavy Metal Pollution in Neurobehavioral Disorders: a Focus on Autism

Immune Dysfunction in Autism: A Pathway to Treatment

Autoantibodies in Neuropsychiatric Disorders

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