Hyperspecialization in Some South American Endemic Ungulates Revealed by Long Bone Microstructure

Houssaye, Alexandra; Fernández, Vincent; Billet, Guillaume

doi:10.1007/s10914-015-9312-y

Cited by 19 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Astrapotheres are commonly reported to occur in sediments representing stream channels (Riggs, 1935;Scott, 1937;Marshall et al, 1990), and in association with aquatic fauna (Sánchez-Villagra et al, 2004). The bone microstructure (studied in Parastrapotherium) is similar to that of graviportal taxa, and it is possible that astrapotheres were specialized for graviportality and semiaquatic habits (Houssaye et al, 2016). Based on the body mass and skeletal adaptations of L. colombianus, Cifelli and Guerrero (1989) inferred cursorial and forest-dwelling habits for this species.…”

Section: Miocene Faunamentioning

confidence: 95%

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The Neogene Record of Northern South American Native Ungulates

Carrillo¹,

Amson²,

Jaramillo³

et al. 2018

Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology

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Emphasis upon publication as a means of "diffusing knowledge" was expressed by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian. In his formal plan for the Institution, Joseph Henry outlined a program that included the following statement: "It is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge." This theme of basic research has been adhered to through the years in thousands of titles issued in series publications under the Smithsonian imprint, commencing with Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge in 1848 and continuing with the following active series: Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology Smithsonian Contributions to Botany Smithsonian Contributions to History and Technology Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to Museum Conservation Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology In these series, the Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press (SISP) publishes small papers and full-scale monographs that report on research and collections of the Institution's museums and research centers. The Smithsonian Contributions Series are distributed via exchange mailing lists to libraries, universities, and similar institutions throughout the world. Manuscripts intended for publication in the Contributions Series undergo substantive peer review and evaluation by SISP's Editorial Board, as well as evaluation by SISP for compliance with manuscript preparation guidelines (available at https://scholarlypress.si.edu). For fully searchable PDFs of all open access series and publications of the Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press, visit Open SI at http://opensi.si.edu.

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Section: Miocene Faunamentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Scott (1937) suggested amphibious habits for astrapotheres. Taphonomic evidence supports semiaquatic habits (Scott, 1937;Johnson, 1984;Marshall et al, 1990;Weston et al 2004), and microanatomical features of long bones could support specializations to graviportality and semiaquatic habits in astrapotheres (Houssaye et al, 2016).…”

Section: Astrapotheriamentioning

confidence: 98%

The Neogene Record of Northern South American Native Ungulates

Carrillo¹,

Amson²,

Jaramillo³

et al. 2018

Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology

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“…Thomashuxleya femora display a large open medullary cavity surrounded by the cortex (Figure 7.2), which is not particularly thick in comparison with other large SANUs (Houssaye et al, 2016, figure 3). The image does not allow assessment of the relative thickness of the spongious transition zone.…”

Section: Bone Histologymentioning

confidence: 98%

“…At least some wear is evident on all of its dental loci, although compared to other Vacan specimens (and indeed Paleogene SANUs in general; see Strömberg et al, 2013) the degree of wear is fairly low. Houssaye et al (2016) analysed the bone microstructure of several SANUs including the toxodontid Nesodon. The femora of this taxon showed a large open medullary cavity surrounded by a spongious zone.…”

Section: Body Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The femora of this taxon showed a large open medullary cavity surrounded by a spongious zone. A qualitative and quantitative analysis of the bone microstructure strongly suggest graviportality for Nesodon (Houssaye et al, 2016), based on the relatively high bone compactness and cortex thickness, and its position in a bone microstructure morphospace close to graviportal living mammals such as the rhinos Ceratherium and Dicerorhinus.…”

Section: Body Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

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An exceptionally well-preserved skeleton of Thomashuxleya externa (Mammalia, Notoungulata), from the Eocene of Patagonia, Argentina

Carrillo

Asher

2017

Palaeontologia Electronica

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We describe one of the oldest notoungulate skeletons with associated craniodental and postcranial elements: Thomashuxleya externa (Isotemnidae) from Cañadón Vaca in Patagonia, Argentina (Vacan subage of the Casamayoran SALMA, middle Eocene). We provide body mass estimates given by different elements of the skeleton, describe the bone histology, and study its phylogenetic position. We note differences in the scapulae, humerii, ulnae, and radii of the new specimen in comparison with other specimens previously referred to this taxon. We estimate a body mass of 84 ± 24.2 kg, showing that notoungulates had acquired a large body mass by the middle Eocene. Bone histology shows that the new specimen was skeletally mature. The new material supports the placement of Thomashuxleya as an early, divergent member of Toxodontia. Among placentals, our phylogenetic analysis of a combined DNA, collagen, and morphology matrix favor only a limited number of possible phylogenetic relationships, but cannot yet arbitrate between potential affinities with Afrotheria or Laurasiatheria. With no constraint, maximum parsimony supports Thomashuxleya and Carodnia with Afrotheria. With Notoungulata and Litopterna constrained as monophyletic (including Macrauchenia and Toxodon known for collagens), these clades are reconstructed on the stem to Euungulata (i.e., Perissodactyla and Artiodactyla). Unconstrained, Bayesian analysis weakly supports the possibility that Thomashuxleya is a stem xenarthran; with Notoungulata and Litopterna constrained as monophyletic, the two clades are recovered as sister to Perissodactyla. Anatomical data sampled thus far for Thomashuxleya, combined with collagen amino acids for Pleistocene meridiungulates, substantially limit the number of possible affinities for endemic South American species among mammals, although ambiguity still remains.

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Paleoecological Inferences from Long Bone Microanatomical Specializations in Hippopotamoidea (Mammalia, Artiodactyla)

Houssaye¹,

Martin

Boisserie

et al. 2021

J Mammal Evol

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Hyperspecialization in Some South American Endemic Ungulates Revealed by Long Bone Microstructure

Cited by 19 publications

References 75 publications

The Neogene Record of Northern South American Native Ungulates

The Neogene Record of Northern South American Native Ungulates

An exceptionally well-preserved skeleton of Thomashuxleya externa (Mammalia, Notoungulata), from the Eocene of Patagonia, Argentina

Paleoecological Inferences from Long Bone Microanatomical Specializations in Hippopotamoidea (Mammalia, Artiodactyla)

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