Hypertension among Mongolian adults in China: A cross‐sectional study of prevalence, awareness, treatment, control, and related factors

Yu, Peiyao; Ning, Yuzhen; Gao, Yumin; Zhao, Yongqiang; Lin, Tie; Wu, Lijitu; Zhang, Lili; Zhang, Ru; Cui, Meng; Hui, Pei; Wu, Qian; Wang, Zhidi; Chen, Le; Zhao, Lingyan

doi:10.1111/jch.14348

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In these ethnic groups, the rate of Han nationality was the lowest (27.0%), while the rates of Mongolian and Tibetan were more than 30%. These results were consistent with previous studies [ 17 ]. Most of the Tibetan population in China are living in the highlands, and some publications indicated that chronic hypoxia exposure may cause a higher prevalence of hypertension [ 18 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Ethnicity Disparities in the Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control Rates of Hypertension in China

Yang

Zhang

et al. 2023

International Journal of Hypertension

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Objectives. Previous studies reported that there were disparities in hypertension management among different ethnic groups, and this study aimed to systematically determine the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control rates of hypertension in multiple Chinese ethnic groups. Methods. We searched Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science for articles up to 25 October, 2022. The pooled prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control rates of hypertension were estimated with 95% confidence intervals (CI). The heterogeneity of estimates among studies was assessed by the Cochran Q test and I2 statistic. Meta-regression analyses were conducted to identify the factors influencing the heterogeneity of the pooled prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control rate of hypertension. Results. In total, 45 publications including 193,788 cases and 587,826 subjects were eligible for the analyses. The lowest prevalence was found in the Han group (27.0%), and the highest prevalence was in the Mongolian population (39.8%). The awareness rates ranged from 24.4% to 58.0% in the four ethnic groups. Both the highest treatment and control rates were found in the Mongolian population (50.6% and 16.0%, respectively), whereas the Yi group had the lowest control rate (8.0%). In addition, the study year, the mean age of subjects, mean body mass index of subjects, tobacco use (%), alcohol use (%), residence (urban%), and education (primary school%) had varied effects on heterogeneity. Conclusions. These findings highlight the disparities in prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control rates of hypertension in a different ethnic population of China, which could provide suggestions for making targeted prevention measures.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Ethnicity Disparities in the Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control Rates of Hypertension in China

Yang

Zhang

et al. 2023

International Journal of Hypertension

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“…In other words, most Mongolian families raise sheep and cattle, and their diets are primarily based on lamb, beef and dairy products (16) . Other studies have documented such eating behaviours and linked them to lack of dietary fibre intake as well as increased risks of hypertension and obesity (17,18) . Moreover, the weather and geographical characteristics of wide grasslands in West China make it not an ideal place for raising seafood, which is limited and mostly supplied from other areas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnic differences in eating patterns and their associations with obesity among adults in West China

Wu,

Wang,

Dang

et al. 2023

Br J Nutr

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Despite observed ethnic differences in eating patterns and obesity, evidence in China is limited. This study examined ethnic differences in eating patterns and their associations with weight outcomes among multi-ethnic adults in West China. A cross-sectional survey collected self-reported data on demographics, eating behaviours, weight and height in 2021. Principal component analysis and multivariate regression were conducted to identify eating patterns and examine their associations with weight outcomes. In total, 4407 subjects aged ≥ 18 years were recruited across seven provinces in West China. Four eating patterns were identified: ‘meat-lover’ – characterised by frequent consumption of meat and dairy products, ‘indulgent’ – by frequent intakes of added salt, sugar, alcohol and pickled food, ‘diversified-eating’ – by frequently consuming food with diversified cooking methods and eating out and ‘nutri-health-concerned’ – by good food hygiene behaviours and reading food labels. Ethnic differences in eating patterns were observed. Compared with Han, Hui were less likely to exhibit meat-lover or diversified-eating patterns; Tibetans were less likely to have meat-lover or nutri-health-concerned patterns; Mongolians were more likely to have indulgent pattern. BMI was positively associated with meat-lover pattern in both genders (exp(β): 1·029; 95 % CI: 1·001, 1·058 for men; 1·018; 1·000, 1·036 for women) and negatively associated with nutri-health-concerned pattern in women (0·983; 0·966, 1·000). Mongolians were two times more likely to be overweight/obese than Han (OR: 3·126; 1·688, 5·790). Considerable ethnic differences existed in eating patterns in West China. Mongolians were more likely to be overweight/obese, which was associated with their indulgent eating patterns. Ethnic-specific healthy eating intervention programs are needed.

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“…Each region has a unique lifestyle with specific eating habits, all of which have an impact on rates of HTN. Overlain on these variations are traditional risk factors, such as smoking, drinking and salt intake[ 33 , 34 ] plus environmental factors[ 35 , 36 ]. Results of the current study were not in accord with those of previous studies and discrepancies may be due to population and lifestyle differences.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of rs1137101 with hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus of Mongolian and Han Chinese

Zhao¹,

Yuan²,

Wu³

et al. 2022

WJD

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BACKGROUND Hypertension (HTN) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are often coincident, and each condition is considered a risk factor for the other. Both occur frequently in the Inner Mongolia region of China. The reasons for differences in risk between Han and Mongolian ethnic groups are not known. The LEPR gene and its polymorphism, rs1137101 (Gln223Arg), are both considered risk factors for HTN and T2DM, but any role of rs1137101 in the occurrence of HTN + T2DM remains unclear for Mongolian and Han populations in the Inner Mongolia region. AIM To investigate the relationship between rs1137101 and the occurrence of HTN with T2DM in Mongolian and Han populations in Inner Mongolia. METHODS A total of 2652 subjects of Han and Mongolian ethnic origins were enrolled in the current study, including 908 healthy controls, 1061 HTN patients and 683 HTN patients with T2DM. RESULTS The association between the rs1137101 polymorphism and HTN with T2DM was analyzed, and differences between Han and Mongolian individuals assessed. There was a significant correlation between rs1137101 and HTN (co-dominant, dominant, over-dominant and log-additive models) and HTN + T2DM (co-dominant, dominant, over-dominant and log-additive models) after adjustment for sex and age in individuals of Mongolian origin. rs1137101 was significantly associated with HTN (co-dominant, recessive and log-additive models) and HTN + T2DM (co-dominant, dominant, over-dominant and log-additive models) in the Han Chinese population. CONCLUSION Mongolian and Han subjects from Inner Mongolia with HTN who had rs1137101 were protected against the development of T2DM. Allele A has the opposite impact on the occurrence of HTN in Mongolian and Han Chinese populations.

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Hypertension among Mongolian adults in China: A cross‐sectional study of prevalence, awareness, treatment, control, and related factors

Cited by 5 publications

References 33 publications

Ethnicity Disparities in the Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control Rates of Hypertension in China

Ethnicity Disparities in the Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control Rates of Hypertension in China

Ethnic differences in eating patterns and their associations with obesity among adults in West China

Association of rs1137101 with hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus of Mongolian and Han Chinese

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