Hypertension among people living with human immunodeficiency virus receiving care at referral hospitals of Northwest Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study

Gebrie, Alemu

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0238114

Cited by 16 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“… 27 The above discrepancy might be the difference in inclusion criteria, a study setting, duration of ART, and different sociodemographic characteristics of respondents. In contrast, this study finding is higher than studies done in Harar Jugal Hospital (12.7%), 20 northwest Ethiopia (14%), 28 a study done in Kenya (11.2% and 7.4%) among HIV-positive men and women, respectively, 25 a study done in Parirenyatwa Hospital, Zimbabwe (11.2%), 29 and a study done on HTN prevalence among HIV infected adults in Tanzania (12.5%). 30 The variation might be due to hypertension cutoff point, duration, and regimen of HAART, the difference in socioeconomic and ethnic factors.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 80%

The magnitude of undiagnosed hypertension and associated factors among HIV-positive patients attending antiretroviral therapy clinics of Butajira General Hospital, Gurage Zone, Southern Ethiopia

et al. 2022

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Objectives: The study aimed to assess the magnitude of undiagnosed hypertension, and its associated factors among adult HIV-positive patients receiving antiretroviral therapy at Butajira General Hospital, southern Ethiopia. Methods: We applied an institutional-based cross-sectional study design at Butajira General Hospital from 1 May to 1 July 2021. We used a systematic random sampling technique to select the total number of participants. A structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was applied to collect the data (sociodemographic characteristics, clinical-related factors, and lifestyle-related factors from the study participants. Data were entered using Epi-data version 3.1 and analyzed by statistical package for social science version 25. We applied a multivariable logistic regression analysis model to identify variables significantly associated with hypertension. Results: The study comprised 388 participants with 39 years (10.6 SD) as the mean age of the participants. Of the total participants, 235 (60.6%) were female. In this study the magnitude of undiagnosed hypertension among HIV-positive patients was 18.8% (95% CI: 14.7%–23.2%). Having comorbidity of diabetes mellitus (adjusted odds ratio = 5.29, 95% CI: 2.154, 12.99), habit of alcohol drinking (adjusted odds ratio = 2.909, 95% CI: 1.306, 6.481), duration of antiretroviral therapy ⩾ 5 years (adjusted odds ratio = 3.087, 95% CI: 1.558, 6.115), and age ⩾ 40 years (adjusted odds ratio = 2.642, 95% CI: 1.450, 4.813) were factors significantly associated with undiagnosed hypertension. Conclusions and recommendations: The magnitude of undiagnosed hypertension among HIV-positive patients attending the antiretroviral therapy clinic of Butajira General Hospital is high. The findings of this study implied that HIV-positive patients attending antiretroviral therapy clinics should be monitored routinely for hypertension; especially participants aged ⩾40 years, highly active antiretroviral therapy duration ⩾5 years, having diabetes mellitus comorbidity need more attention. Primary healthcare integration is also vital to enhance the health of HIV-positive patients on antiretroviral therapy.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 80%

The magnitude of undiagnosed hypertension and associated factors among HIV-positive patients attending antiretroviral therapy clinics of Butajira General Hospital, Gurage Zone, Southern Ethiopia

et al. 2022

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“…Some studies have shown that demographic and socio-economic factors such as age, gender, race, level of education and income are associated with hypertension in PLHIV [ 30 ]. For example a study in Ethiopia found that HIV diagnosed patients with some education and an average monthly income were significantly more likely to develop hypertension [ 31 ]. However, we found that while the hazard of hypertension was 0.22 and 0.59 times higher among male adults with HIV, these results were not significant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time to hypertension development among people living with HIV in South Africa: A longitudinal analysis of the National Income Dynamics Survey (NIDS)

Godongwana

Wet

2021

Heliyon

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Introduction There is an increased risk of hypertension among people living with HIV (PLWH). Older age has been associated with a higher risk of chronic conditions. In this study, we assess the time taken before adults living with HIV develop hypertension and explore the factors associated with hypertension diagnosis among PLWH. Methods Retrospective analysis on (n = 95 701) HIV positive adults from the longitudinal survey data from the National Income Dynamics Survey (NIDS) in South Africa was performed. The adults (18–75 years) were followed in order to determine the age of hypertension risk. Kaplan Meier survival estimates were used to show time to diagnosis. Multivariate cox regression model was used to determine the factors associated with hypertension diagnosis. Results 10.5% had HIV and hypertension at the start of the NID survey (wave 1:2008). Of the remaining (n = 85 569), over 75% aged 30–46 were at risk of developing hypertension. Thereafter the risk of hypertension comorbidity begins to decrease after the age of 45. In other words, the risk of hypertension began to reduce once the adults living with HIV turned 45 years old. There was no significant association between the development of hypertension comorbidity and the other demographic, socio-economic and health characteristics assessed. Conclusion Young adults living with HIV are also at risk of hypertension. HIV infected persons need to routinely screen for chronic diseases and started on treatment timeously.

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“…Active smoking among our participants was seen in only 1.8%, with similar rates from studies in different parts of Ethiopia, Nigeria and Malawi. 7 , 15 , 26–29 The low prevalence of smoking in general Ethiopian population of 3.21%, the lower smoking habit of females in the country and inclusion of more females in this study can justify why only a handful of current smokers participated. 30 A study from Malawi reported that very low number of participants consumed the WHO recommended amount of fruits and vegetables similar to our study possibly resulting from resource limitation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“… 31–34 There is also a wide range of findings in previous studies in Ethiopia from 12.7% to 34.3%. 5 , 15 , 16 , 26–28 , 35 Advancing age seems to be a risk for developing hypertension. 5 , 26 , 28 , 31–33 Although not consistent in all studies, males and obese individuals tend to have hypertension more frequently.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 40 , 41 Studies from SSA, France and Brazil show prevalence of 2% to 13.1%. 13 , 15 , 32 , 35 , 36 , 42–44 The studies were done in different countries on different population groups with different prevalence of obesity. Our study revealed Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate, lamivudine and Nevirapine regimen to be a risk for obesity, which needs to be substantiated in future studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of Clinical Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Among HIV Infected Patients on Anti-Retroviral Treatment in a Tertiary Hospital in Ethiopia

Woldeyes¹,

Fisseha²,

Mulatu³

et al. 2022

HIV

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Background Anti-retroviral treatment has improved mortality of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients, which is offset by an increasing burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Data regarding prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors in HIV infected patients in Ethiopia are very scarce. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of CVD risks and associated factors in patients with HIV. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 333 patients with HIV infection, using a modified World Health Organization’s stepwise approach to surveillance questionnaire. Anthropometric and blood pressure measurement was done along with biochemical studies. Cardiovascular risk was estimated using Framingham risk score. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the association between cardiovascular risks and associated factors, with a p-value of <0.05 considered statistically significant. Results The mean age of the participants was 45 years, and 69.2% were females. Most (80.9%) of the participants had viral load below 50 copies/mL and the mean CD4 count was 579 cells/mm 3 . Dyslipidemia was the most common risk factor identified in 69.4%, followed by abnormal fasting blood glucose (≥100 mg/dL) in 36.8%. Hypertension was diagnosed in 23.8%, while 22.8% and 11.1% had metabolic syndrome and obesity, respectively. Framingham risk score was low in 95.9%. Male gender, increasing age, high body mass index and previous ART regimen being tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, lamivudine and nevirapine increased CVD risk factors. Conclusion Traditional cardiovascular risk factors were high in the population studied. There is a need to raise awareness about the risk factors, and patients should have timely follow-up and care.

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Hypertension among people living with human immunodeficiency virus receiving care at referral hospitals of Northwest Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study

Cited by 16 publications

References 54 publications

The magnitude of undiagnosed hypertension and associated factors among HIV-positive patients attending antiretroviral therapy clinics of Butajira General Hospital, Gurage Zone, Southern Ethiopia

The magnitude of undiagnosed hypertension and associated factors among HIV-positive patients attending antiretroviral therapy clinics of Butajira General Hospital, Gurage Zone, Southern Ethiopia

Time to hypertension development among people living with HIV in South Africa: A longitudinal analysis of the National Income Dynamics Survey (NIDS)

Prevalence of Clinical Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Among HIV Infected Patients on Anti-Retroviral Treatment in a Tertiary Hospital in Ethiopia

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