Hypertension and stroke in Asia: prevalence, control and strategies in developing countries for prevention

Singh, Ram B.; Suh, Il; Singh, Vakil; Chaithiraphan, S; Laothavorn, Prasart; Sy, Rody G.; Babilonia, Noe A.; Rahman, Atiar; Sheikh, S.A.; Tomlinson, Brian; Sarrafzadigan, N.

doi:10.1038/sj.jhh.1001057

Cited by 226 publications

(200 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…1,2 Many studies show an increase in the worldwide prevalence of hypertension. 3 In 2000, approximately 972 million adults suffered from hypertension.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The trend of hypertension and its relationship to the weight status among Taiwanese young adolescents

2011

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This study evaluates prevalence of hypertension in 1996 and 2006, and examines the relationship between hypertension and weight of Taiwanese young adolescents. Two cross-sectional surveys, administered in 1996 and 2006, to junior-high school in Taipei were included. Anthropometric and blood pressure were measured using standard methods, and structured questionnaire was used to collect personal history and lifestyle characteristics. Overweight and obesity are defined based on Taiwan's Department of Health criteria and bases pre-hypertension and hypertension on the 90th and 95th percentile distribution of blood pressure of the population of both surveys. The prevalence of pre-hypertension in Taiwan between 1996 and 2006 increased from 12.0 to 14.4% for boys and decreased from 9.5 to 9.4% for girls. Hypertension increased from 22.8-29.7% and 12.5-20.7% for both boys and girls, respectively. In 1996, compared with normal young adolescents, the risk of hypertension for overweight was 1.8 times higher for boys and 3.4 times for girls. However, the risk of hypertension for overweight in 2006 was 1.7 times higher for boys and 1.5 times higher for girls compared with normal. Every unit increment of body mass index and waist circumference was associated with 17-27% and 6-11% risk of hypertension in both genders in 1996, and was associated with 9-13% and 4% risk of hypertension among young adolescents in 2006, respectively. The prevalence of hypertension has increased significantly in young adolescents, especially for overweight. It is necessary to enrol young adolescents in weight management programs to prevent hypertension-related co-morbidities.

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“…1,2 Many studies show an increase in the worldwide prevalence of hypertension. 3 In 2000, approximately 972 million adults suffered from hypertension.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The trend of hypertension and its relationship to the weight status among Taiwanese young adolescents

2011

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“…3,4 Although it has been most dominant in industrialized countries in the past decades, now it is a challenging issue and its prevalence is rapidly increasing in many developing countries, including Iran. [5][6][7][8] Sour tea (ST; Hibiscus sabdariffa) is a genesis of the Malvaceae family. It has been called by different local names in various countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of sour tea (Hibiscus sabdariffa) on hypertension in patients with type II diabetes

et al. 2008

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To compare the antihypertensive effectiveness of sour tea (ST; Hibiscus sabdariffa) with black tea (BT) infusion in diabetic patients, this double-blind randomized controlled trial was carried out. Sixty diabetic patients with mild hypertension, without taking antihypertensive or antihyperlipidaemic medicines, were recruited in the study. The patients were randomly allocated to the ST and BT groups and instructed to drink ST and BT infusions two times a day for 1 month. Their blood pressure (BP) was measured on days 0, 15 and 30 of the study. The mean of systolic BP (SBP) in the ST group decreased from 134.4 ± 11.8 mm Hg at the beginning of the study to 112.7 ± 5.7 mm Hg after 1 month (P-value o0.001), whereas this measure changed from 118.6 ± 14.9 to 127.3 ± 8.7 mm Hg (P-value ¼ 0.002) in the BT group during the same period. The intervention had no statistically significant effect on the mean of diastolic BP (DBP) in either the ST or BT group. The mean pulse pressure (PP) of the patients in the ST group decreased from 52.2±12.2 to 34.5±9.3 mm Hg (P-value o0.001) during the study, whereas in the BT group, it increased from 41.9 ± 11.7 to 47.3 ± 9.6 mm Hg (P-value ¼ 0.01). In conclusion, consuming ST infusion had positive effects on BP in type II diabetic patients with mild hypertension. This study supports the results of similar studies in which antihypertensive effects have been shown for ST.

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“…On the contrary, limited studies in developing countries appear to indicate that, unlike urban communities, rural populations tend to be more active physically and have a lower prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) 8 . The interaction between changes in lifestyle, dietary habits and urbanisation is of interest in designing national nutritional educational programmes and for identifying risk factors for diseases of affluence, which also tend to be more predominant among urban dwellers 3 . We conducted a study to describe the dietary intake of free-living Costa Rican residents with regard to their lifestyle, socio-economic status, residence and physical activity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of dietary intakes of micro- and macronutrients in rural, suburban and urban populations in Costa Rica

Kabagambe

Baylin

Siles

et al. 2002

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To compare, along with behavioural habits, the potential atherogenicity of diets in rural and urban areas in Costa Rica. Design: Subjects ðn ¼ 503Þ were randomly selected from the general population in Costa Rica. A validated food-frequency questionnaire that inquired about dietary intake in the previous year was administered once to each subject. Each subject provided plasma and an adipose tissue biopsy, which were used as biomarkers for carotenoid, tocopherol and/or fatty acid intakes. Each subject also answered another questionnaire on personal profile and household characteristics. Setting: A dietitian visited all subjects and conducted the interviews at their homes. Subjects: Adult male and female free-living rural, suburban and urban Costa Ricans without a history of physical or mental disability. Results: Subjects in rural areas were significantly ðP , 0:05Þ more active physically, earned less income and had a higher intake of dietary fibre than urban dwellers. Urban residents reported a significantly ðP , 0:05Þ higher consumption of total fat, specifically unsaturated fat mostly from soyabean oil, and had higher plasma and adipose tissue tocopherol and lycopene concentrations. Interestingly, no differences in body mass index were observed. Conclusions: These data show differences in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors of rural and urban populations in Costa Rica. In rural areas, low socio-economic status and low intake of unsaturated fatty acids appear to be the prevalent CVD risk factors, while in urban areas they were low physical activity, high trans-fatty acids in the diet and adipose tissue, and low dietary fibre intake.

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Hypertension and stroke in Asia: prevalence, control and strategies in developing countries for prevention

Cited by 226 publications

References 49 publications

The trend of hypertension and its relationship to the weight status among Taiwanese young adolescents

The trend of hypertension and its relationship to the weight status among Taiwanese young adolescents

The effects of sour tea (Hibiscus sabdariffa) on hypertension in patients with type II diabetes

Comparison of dietary intakes of micro- and macronutrients in rural, suburban and urban populations in Costa Rica

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