Hypertension in Children: An Overview

Pinto, Andrés; Roldan, Rosie; Sollecito, Thomas P.

doi:10.1002/j.0022-0337.2006.70.4.tb04098.x

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(62 reference statements)

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“…TFF1 is a peptide that is expressed at low levels in normal breast tissue, [ 25 – 27 ] but at high levels in ERα + breast carcinomas [ 28 ] in response to E2 [ 29 ]. Since TFF1 is strictly controlled by the E2/ERα complex, it provides a good measure of estrogen signaling in breast cancer cells and a preliminary clinical study reported a parallel relationship between the TFF1 high expression levels and the proliferation of breast cancer cells [ 30 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Activin A/BMP2 chimera, AB215, blocks estrogen signaling via induction of ID proteins in breast cancer cells

et al. 2014

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BackgroundOne in eight women will be affected by breast cancer in her lifetime. Approximately 75% of breast cancers express estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and/or progesterone receptor and these receptors are markers for tumor dependence on estrogen. Anti-estrogenic drugs such as tamoxifen are commonly used to block estrogen-mediated signaling in breast cancer. However, many patients either do not respond to these therapies (de novo resistance) or develop resistance to them following prolonged treatment (acquired resistance). Therefore, it is imperative to continue efforts aimed at developing new efficient and safe methods of targeting ER activity in breast cancer.MethodsAB215 is a chimeric ligand assembled from sections of Activin A and BMP2. BMP2’s and AB215’s inhibition of breast cancer cells growth was investigated. In vitro luciferase and MTT proliferation assays together with western blot, RT_PCR, and mRNA knockdown methods were used to determine the mechanism of inhibition of estrogen positive breast cancer cells growth by BMP2 and AB215. Additionally in vivo xenograft tumor model was used to investigate anticancer properties of AB215.ResultsHere we report that AB215, a chimeric ligand assembled from sections of Activin A and BMP2 with BMP2-like signaling, possesses stronger anti-proliferative effects on ERα positive breast cancer cells than BMP2. We further show that AB215 inhibits estrogen signaling by inducing expression of inhibitor of DNA binding proteins (IDs). Specifically, we demonstrate that knockdown of ID proteins attenuates the anti-estrogen effects of AB215. Remarkably, we find that AB215 is more effective than tamoxifen in suppressing tumor growth in a xenograft model.ConclusionThis study shows that IDs have profound role to inhibit estrogen signaling in ERα positive breast cancer cells, and that engineered TGF-beta ligands may have high therapeutic value.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2407-14-549) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Activin A/BMP2 chimera, AB215, blocks estrogen signaling via induction of ID proteins in breast cancer cells

et al. 2014

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“…The prevalence of hypertension in children the prevalence of obesity. 3 Recent studies in children and adults have showed that waist circumference is a more powerful risk factor for cardiovascular disorders than body mass index (BMI). 3,4 The increasing prevalence of obesity and hypertension indicates for children and adolescents for purposes of early intervention.…”

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confidence: 99%