Hypertension in Children: Role of Obesity, Simple Carbohydrates, and Uric Acid

Orlando, Antonina; Cazzaniga, Emanuela; Giussani, Marco; Palestini, Paola; Genovesi, Simonetta

doi:10.3389/fpubh.2018.00129

Cited by 50 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…Additionally, we should mention that the Prevotella enterotype is linked to diets rich in simple sugars. Simple carbohydrate consumption has been hypothesized to be related to elevated BP values and obesity (Orlando, Cazzaniga, Giussani, Palestini, & Genovesi, ), as showed in our data. Prevotella enterotype patients had a higher BMI and hip circumference than Bacteriodes enterotype patients.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Prevotella enterotype patients had a higher BMI and hip circumference than Bacteriodes enterotype patients. Monosaccharide intake induces inflammation in epithelial cells and contributes to hypertension (Orlando et al, ), linking to LPS production, which can stimulate systemic inflammatory cascades (Moreno‐Indias et al, ). Inflammation mediates the pathogenesis of many physiological dysfunctions, such as metabolic syndrome and mental dysfunction (Ko & Liu, ), and thus might ultimately result in OSAHS‐related metabolic comorbidities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Disruption of sleep architecture in Prevotella enterotype of patients with obstructive sleep apnea‐hypopnea syndrome

Fan

et al. 2019

Brain and Behavior

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Introduction Intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation are critical pathophysiological processes involved in obstructive sleep apnea‐hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). Those manifestations independently affect similar brain regions and contribute to OSAHS‐related comorbidities that are known to be related to the host gut alteration microbiota. We hypothesized that gut microbiota disruption may cross talk the brain function via the microbiota–gut–brain axis. Thus, we aim to survey enterotypes and polysomnographic data of patients with OSAHS. Methods Subjects were diagnosed by polysomnography, from whom fecal samples were obtained and analyzed for the microbiome composition by variable regions 3–4 of 16S rRNA pyrosequencing and bioinformatic analyses. We examined the fasting levels of interleukin‐6 and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha of all subjects. Results Three enterotypes Bacteroides , Ruminococcus , and Prevotella were identified in patients with OSAHS. Arousal‐related parameters or sleep stages are significantly disrupted in apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI) ≥15 patients with Prevotella enterotype; further analysis this enterotype subjects, obstructive, central, and mixed apnea indices, and mean heart rate are also significantly elevated in AHI ≥15 patients. However, blood cytokines levels of all subjects were not significantly different. Conclusions This study indicates the possibility of pathophysiological interplay between enterotypes and sleeps structure disruption in sleep apnea through a microbiota–gut–brain axis and offers some new insight toward the pathogenesis of OSAHS.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disruption of sleep architecture in Prevotella enterotype of patients with obstructive sleep apnea‐hypopnea syndrome

Fan

et al. 2019

Brain and Behavior

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“…Additionally, we should mention that the Prevotella enterotype is linked to diets rich in simple sugars. Simple carbohydrate consumption has been hypothesized to be related to elevated BP values and obesity [25], as shown in our data. Prevotella enterotype patients had a higher BMI and hip circumference than Bacteriodes enterotype patients.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…Prevotella enterotype patients had a higher BMI and hip circumference than Bacteriodes enterotype patients. Monosaccharide intake induces inflammation in epithelial cells and contributes to hypertension [25], linking to LPS production, which can stimulate systemic inflammatory cascades [1]. Inflammation mediates the pathogenesis of many physiological dysfunctions, such as metabolic syndrome and mental dysfunction [24], and thus might ultimately result in OSAHS-related metabolic comorbidities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association ofPrevotellaenterotype with polysomnographic data in obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome patients

Fan

et al. 2018

Preprint

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27Intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation are critical pathophysiological 28 processes involved in obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). These 29 manifestation independently affect similar brain regions and contribute to 30 OSAHS-related comorbidities that are known to be related to the host gut alteration 31 microbiota. We hypothesized that microbiota disruption influences the 32 pathophysiological processes of OSAHS through a microbiota-gut-brain axis. Thus, 33we aim to survey enterotypes and polysomnographic data of OSAHS patients. 34Subjects were diagnosed by polysomnography, from whom fecal samples were 48. CC-BY-ND 4.0 International license It is made available under a (which was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.The copyright holder for this preprint . http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/394064 doi: bioRxiv preprint first posted online Aug. 17, 2018; obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome

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“…Nine years later, AH was observed in 2259 people (43.3 %), wherein 9-year incidence in quartiles were the following: 1 -36.6 %, 2 -42.4 %, 3 -44.1 %, 4 -54.5 % [20]. UA levels higher than 389 mcmol/L (7 mg/dL) were observed in 90 % of teenagers with de novo AH [21]. Moreover, HU is an independent RF for high-normal BP both in men and women [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperuricemia as a Risk Factor of Arterial Hypertension

Kovalenko

2019

EUMJ

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HYPERURICEMIA AS A RISK FACTOR OF ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION. Introduction. Among the population of Central and Eastern Europe, hyperuricemia (HU) prevalence is 28 % in female and 23 % in male. In 2018, European Society of Hypertension has officially included HU to the independent risk factors for AH. Objective: to integrate literature and own data that reflect contemporary views on the role of hyperuricemia in the progression of arterial hypertension and study the early effects of hyperuricemia on endothelial dysfunction. Materials and methods. Total of 382 persons were analyzed to evaluate the prevalence of hyperuricemia in Sumy region. To study the early effects of hyperuricemia on endothelial dysfunction in normotensive patients two groups were formed: 31 patients with UA < 400 μmol/l (1 st group) and 29 patients with UA > 400 μmol/l (2 nd group). The groups were comparable in age and sex. Test with reactive hyperemia for estimation of endotheliumdependent vasodilation (EDVD) was performed using the ultrasound system SonoScape S6. Increasing of brachial artery diameter less than 10 % during the test with reactive hyperemia was considered as a criterion of endothelial dysfunction. Results: the prevalence of hyperuricemia in Sumy region is about 42 % for normotensive patients and 51 %in hypertension patients from total cohort 382. Daily BP monitoring demonstrated daytime systolic blood pressure (DaySBP) 118 mmHg and daytime diastolic blood pressure (DayDBP) 72 mmHg in the 1 st group; and in the 2 nd group these were: DaySBP 130 mmHg, DayDBP 80 mmHg (р < 0.05). Analysis of baseline levels of EDVD shows significant difference between groups: 12.9 % and 9.6 % in the 1 st group and 2 nd group, respectively (р < 0.05). The average UA level in the 1 st group was 328 ± 24 μmol/l; in the 2 nd group-469 ± 34 μmol/l. The negative correlation was obtained between the level of UA and EDVD:-0.32 in the 1st group and-0.48 in the 2nd group (p < 0.05). Conclusion. Study results demonstrated high prevalence of HU both in hypertensive and normotensive patients. Statistically significant relationship between endothelium-dependent vasodilation and uric acid levels in patients was established.

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Hypertension in Children: Role of Obesity, Simple Carbohydrates, and Uric Acid

Cited by 50 publications

References 78 publications

Disruption of sleep architecture in Prevotella enterotype of patients with obstructive sleep apnea‐hypopnea syndrome

Disruption of sleep architecture in Prevotella enterotype of patients with obstructive sleep apnea‐hypopnea syndrome

Association ofPrevotellaenterotype with polysomnographic data in obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome patients

Hyperuricemia as a Risk Factor of Arterial Hypertension

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