Hypertension, remnant cholesterol and cardiovascular disease: evidence from the China health and retirement longitudinal study

Abstract

Objective: Previous studies had reported the significant association between hypertension, remnant cholesterol (RC) and risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim of present study was to evaluate the combined effect of hypertension and RC on the risk of CVD.Methods: A total of 9456 participants from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study were included. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to explore the associations between hypertension, RC and new-onset CVD, stroke and cardiac events.Results: During the follow-up period, 1702 CVD events (including 563 stroke and 1282 cardiac events) were recorded. Compared to those without hypertension and low RC level, the adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) were 1.09 (0.95-1.24) for individuals with high RC alone, 1.27 (1.10-1.46) for individuals with hypertension alone and 1.32 (1.15-1.51) for individuals with comorbid hypertension and high RC. Individuals with co-existence of hypertension and high RC also had the highest risks of stroke and cardiac events. Conclusion:Our study indicated that there was a combined effect of hypertension and RC on the risk of CVD, stroke and cardiac events. Larger-sample prospective cohort studies are still required to test the potential application of combination of hypertension and RC as a screening method to identify individuals at risk of CVD.

Non-HDL Cholesterol and Remnant Cholesterol Predict Different Components of the Metabolic Syndrome in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in a Regional Hospital

“…Another lipid index that is emerging as a biomarker for CDV in recent times is remnant cholesterol. Several studies from China have reported remnant cholesterol as a predictor of hypertension in adult populations with or without T2DM (Chen et al, 2022;Zheng et al, 2022). Another study has reported remnant cholesterol as a predictor of new-onset diabetes (Xie et al, 2022).…”

Estimated glucose disposal rate and risk of cardiovascular disease: evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study

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“…Respondents were defined as having doctor-diagnosed chronic lung diseases if they answered yes to the question (“Have you been diagnosed with chronic lung diseases (excluding tumors, or cancer)”). The definition of smoking, drinking and hypertension has been described in previous study [ 18 ].…”

Remnant cholesterol and mild cognitive impairment: A cross-sectional study

“…In recent years, accumulating evidence suggests that remnant cholesterol (RC) in triglyceride-rich lipoproteins promotes residual atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk after lowering low-density lipid cholesterol (LDL-C) to the recommended target ( Saeed et al, 2018 ; Burnett et al, 2020 ; Langsted et al, 2020 ; Bruemmer and Cho, 2021 ; Chevli et al, 2022 ; Hao et al, 2022 ; Zheng et al, 2022 ). Remarkably, a large prevention study ( n = 17,532) reported that RC predicts cardiovascular disease beyond LDL-C and apolipoprotein B in patients without known ASCVD ( Quispe et al, 2021 ).…”