Hyperthermia and Chemotherapy: The Science

Measurement and mathematical modeling of thermally induced injury and heat shock protein expression kinetics in normal and cancerous prostate cells

“…The objective was to determine a mathematical formulation to represent the measured in vitro data and yield insight into the thermally induced HSP expression kinetics for a more extensive set of conditions than were experimentally measured. Elevated HSP expression is initiated by the presence of denatured proteins caused by exposure to thermal stress for extended time [17][18][19][20][21]. HSP expression induction is dependent on the temperature elevation, duration of stimulus exposure, and other biological factors [59,60].…”

“…[16][17][18][19][20]. Thermally induced HSP expression can enhance tumour cell viability and impart resistance to chemotherapy and radiation when hyperthermia is applied prior to these procedures [20][21][22][23]. Consequently, knowledge of the thermal dose necessary to induce or de-activate HSP expression in the prostate is essential for designing an effective thermal therapy for hyperthermia alone or as an adjuvant to radiotherapy or chemotherapy.…”

“…Applied thermal stress is often considered a mediator for hyperthermic cell necrosis; conversely, it also elicits an up-regulation of heat shock proteins (HSPs) to protect cancer cells. [16][17][18][19][20]. Thermally induced HSP expression can enhance tumour cell viability and impart resistance to chemotherapy and radiation when hyperthermia is applied prior to these procedures [20][21][22][23].…”

Multifunctional FeCo-graphitic carbon nanocrystals for combined imaging, drug delivery and tumor-specific photothermal therapy in mice

“…There are two major challenges in the application of combined hyperthermia and chemotherapy, namely, delivery of the drug to the tumor and localized hyperthermia at the tumor region. Current chemotherapeutic agents have improved cancer prognosis, yet the systemic administration of these agents still leads to severe side effects for the patient, and often chemotherapy alone is insufficient to treat highly aggressive cancers [2,4,6]. In an effort to improve therapeutic efficacy of certain agents, hyperthermia has been incorporated in certain chemotherapy regimens and has demonstrated enhanced survival [2,4,7,8].…”

What is on the Horizon for Hyperthermic Cancer Therapy?

“…The combination of hyperthermia with hormone therapies; enzyme therapy, photodynamic therapy, gene therapy, immune therapy and other supportive therapies are also frequent clinical applications [117][118][119][120][121][122][123]. The methods are compared according temperature used, assuming that the same temperature provides the same results irrespective of which technology is applied to make it.…”