Hypertrophic Adenoid Is a Major Infection Site of Human Bocavirus 1

Proença-Módena, José Luiz; Paula, Flávia Escremim de; Buzatto, Guilherme Pietrucci; Carenzi, Lucas Rodrigues; Saturno, T. H.; Prates, Mirela Cristina Moreira; Silva, M. L.; Delcaro, Luana; Valera, Fabiana Cardoso Pereira; Tamashiro, Edwin; Anselmo‐Lima, Wilma Terezinha; Arruda, Eurico

doi:10.1128/jcm.00870-14

Cited by 22 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Antibiotics are generally not sufficient modes of treatment for adenoid hypertrophy, as many infections are characterized by highly resistant bacteria that do not respond to many groups of antibiotics [74,75]. Additionally, many viruses are often associated with adenoid hypertrophy, including human bocavirus [76,77], EBV, and polymoviruses [76].…”

Section: Non-surgical Therapy For Adenoid Hypertrophymentioning

confidence: 99%

Adenoidectomy in Children: What Is the Evidence and What Is its Role?

Schüpper

Nation

Pransky

2018

Curr Otorhinolaryngol Rep

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Purpose of Review Review the current state of the adenoidectomy procedure in the pediatric population with up-to-date indications for surgery, operative techniques, adverse events, non-surgical management of adenoid hypertrophy, and future directions. Recent Findings Adenoidectomy is indicated in children for the treatment of sleep-disordered breathing, nasal airway obstruction, recurrent acute otitis media, and chronic rhinosinusitis. A new recommendation was released in 2016, not supporting adenoidectomy for a primary indication of otitis media in children under 4 years old, including those with prior tympanostomy tubes, unless a distinct indication exists such as nasal obstruction or chronic adenoiditis. Although adenotonsillectomy is the mainstay of treatment for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), recent studies have identified that non-obese patients with moderate OSA and small tonsils have comparable benefits with adenoidectomy alone with less complications. While conventional approaches such as indirect mirror-assisted curette and suction coagulation are still utilized, direct transnasal endoscopeassisted removal of the adenoids has proven to be a safe technique, with good short-and long-term outcomes. Novel nonsurgical therapies including immunotherapy have been evaluated. Summary Adenoidectomy is a safe procedure in the pediatric population and leads to excellent outcomes. Adverse events are rare, and hospitalization is uncommon. Children with sleep disturbance from nasal airway obstruction, ear disease, or chronic rhinosinusitis are the best operative candidates for this procedure.

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Section: Non-surgical Therapy For Adenoid Hypertrophymentioning

confidence: 99%

Adenoidectomy in Children: What Is the Evidence and What Is its Role?

Schüpper

Nation

Pransky

2018

Curr Otorhinolaryngol Rep

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“…Since the identification of human bocavirus 1 in nasopharyngeal aspirates in 2005, evidence is increasing that the HBoV1, belonging to the Bocaparvovirus genus of the Parvoviridae family, is associated with respiratory tract infections and gastrointestinal infections ( Allander et al, 2005 ; Huang et al, 2012 ). It is presumed that besides causing acute infections HBoV is persisting in a replicative but subclinical state, and is a pathogen rather than an innocent bystander ( Proenca-Modena et al, 2014 ). Previous studies suggest that HBoV is associated with some lung and colorectal tumors and prove that the bocavirus persistence is increased in cancer patients ( Schildgen et al, 2013 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is also known that HBoV persists in adenotonsillar tissue, which is considered as the major replication site in vivo by some researchers ( Clement et al, 2009 ). Proenca-Modena et al (2014) detected human bocavirus in 31.1% of 172 hypertrophic adenoids or tonsils from children. Szalmas et al (2013) reported that the presence of HBoV displays a statistically significant correlation to Otitis media with effusion cases associated with adenoid hypertrophy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of the Human Bocavirus With Tonsil Squamous Cell Carcinomas

et al. 2018

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Background: The human bocavirus (HBoV) is known to persist latently in the infected host cells and seems to replicate its DNA via the DNA damage response system, which is frequently defect in tumors and correlates with microsatellite instability (MSI). Because HBoV is able to persist in the infected tissues, induces pro-fibrotic and pro- cancerogenic cytokines in vivo and in vitro, and is detected in colorectal and lung tumors, the virus may be involved in cancerogenesis at least as a cofactor. Recently it was shown that the adenotonsillar tissue is an important site of HBoV1 persistence and replication. Considering the background that approximately 60% of oropharyngeal cancers were thought to be attributable to a HPV infection, a co-participation of HBoV in terms of a chronic virus infection might play a role in the cancerogenesis of tonsil tumors.Methods: Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tonsil tumor samples were screened for HBoV and HPV DNA. Positive tissue sections were afterward subjected to fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis to identify HBoV and HPV infected cells. By use of an in vitro cell culture model with primary tonsil fibroblasts, keratinocytes, and lymphocytes infected by HBoV we tried to find the target cells of virus replication. MSI testing was based on a previously published protocol using a de-multiplexed PCR followed by fluorescent detection of PCR products in a capillary sequencing device.Results: In total 62 of 103 (60, 19%) of the tonsil squamous cell carcinomas tested positive for HBoV DNA and 66 of 103 (66%) samples were identified as HPV positive. The FISH analysis revealed both double infection of HPV and HBoV in the same cells as well as single infections of both viruses within the tumor tissue. Twenty-two of 62 HBoV positive tumors tested HPV negative, 40 of 62 tissue sections were HBoV and HPV positive. We analyzed 21 out of the 62 HBoV positive tumors for MSI. Of those four tonsils displayed MSI in at least 1 of 10 microsatellite markers.Conclusion: Our findings support the hypothesis that human bocavirus infections as a cofactor may have an impact on tumor development in tonsils, although it still remains possible that HBoV solely displays a tumor tropism.

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“…7 Obstructive hypertrophy results from increase in immunologic activity while infection of the tonsils leads to inflammation of tonsillar tissue. 8,9 Hypertrophic tonsils may be acute or chronic and account for about 80% of obstructive sleep apnoea in children. 10 Severe forms of obstructive sleep apnoea due to adenotonsillar hypertrophy may be complicated by pneumonia, cor pulmonale, pulmonary hypertension, chronic hypercapnia or hypoxia and right heart failure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current trends of adenotonsillar hypertrophy presentation in a developing country, Nigeria

Adegbiji

Aremu

Nwawolo

et al. 2017

Int J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg

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Background: Adenotonsillar hypertrophy is a common paediatric disorder in Otorhinolaryngological practice worldwide. The prevalence, clinical manifestations and predisposing factors are well documented in developed countries. However, available data shows differences between the various studies. There is paucity of data from developing countries. Thus, this study is aimed at assessing the age group distribution, predisposing factors, clinical manifestation and complications of adenotonsillar hypertrophy in a developing country. Methods: It is a prospective study of children under 10 years over a period of 24 months. Interviewer assisted questionnaire was administered. Data obtained were statistically analysed using SPSS version 18. Results: Two hundred and fifty three, 253 subjects were enrolled into the study. Adenotonsillar hypertrophy affected all age groups studied. A high incidence was noted among the under 2 year olds. The Male: Female ratio was 2:1. Chronic cases constituted 55.7% of our study population. Common predisposing factors were atopy (73.9%), familial history (67.3%) and recurrent upper respiratory tract infection (58.2%). The Commonest clinical features were snoring, noisy breathing, tonsillar enlargement and narrowing of postnasal space air column. Failure to thrive, otitis media and rhinosinusitis were the commonly associated complications observed. No death was recorded. Conclusions: Adenotonsillar hypertrophy is common in our environment. It is important for all primary health care physicians, paediatricians and otorhinolaryngologists to have a clear knowledge on this ailment. Prevention or reduction in incidence is possible.

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Hypertrophic Adenoid Is a Major Infection Site of Human Bocavirus 1

Cited by 22 publications

References 31 publications

Adenoidectomy in Children: What Is the Evidence and What Is its Role?

Adenoidectomy in Children: What Is the Evidence and What Is its Role?

Association of the Human Bocavirus With Tonsil Squamous Cell Carcinomas

Current trends of adenotonsillar hypertrophy presentation in a developing country, Nigeria

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