Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy and Atrial Fibrillation: A Review

Palyam, Vishnu; Azam, Ahmad T; Odeyinka, Oladipo; Alhashimi, Rasha; Thoota, Sankeerth; Ashok, Tejaswini; Sange, Ibrahim

doi:10.7759/cureus.21101

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…In recent studies examining certain pathologies, inter-chamber differences and asymmetrical remodeling of the LA and RA could be demonstrated [20][21][22]. Several studies have shown that both atria are dilated, and their function deteriorates with arrhythmological consequences in the presence of certain cardiac diseases, even in children [23][24][25]. Moreover, dilation of the atria could also be detected in different pathologies and elite athletes, whose cardiac consequences were not widely known until recent times [26,27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Similarities and Differences between Three-Dimensional Speckle-Tracking Echocardiography-Derived Left and Right Atrial Volumes and Volume-Based Functional Properties in the Same Healthy Adults—A Detailed Analysis from the MAGYAR-Healthy Study

Nemes,

Kormányos,

Ambrus

et al. 2023

Medicina

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Background and Objectives: It would be important to know what happens to the volume and volume-based functional properties of one atrium if the size of the other atrium is larger or smaller than the average. Therefore, the present study aimed to perform three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography (3DSTE)-derived quantification of left atrial (LA) and right atrial (RA) volumes and volume-based functional properties to examine these associations in healthy adults with mean and lower or higher than mean atrial volumes. Materials and Methods: The present study consisted of 179 healthy volunteers with a mean age of 32.3 ± 12.3 years (92 males). Three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography-derived LA and RA volumes and volume-based functional properties were determined in all cases. Results: When different LA or RA volume groups were evaluated, both LA and RA showed the same pattern of volume changes in all phases of atrial function with higher LA or RA volumes. In case of low and mean LA volumes, RA volumes were higher compared to their LA counterpart. In case of mean and high RA volumes, RA volumes proved to be higher as well. In case of mean LA or RA volumes, differences between LA and RA stroke volumes (SVs) could not be detected, but all atrial emptying fractions (EFs) were lower for RA than for LA. Some differences were detected in counterpart LA/RA total, passive, and active atrial SVs and EFs values in the presence of lower/higher than mean LA/RA volume. Conclusions: In case of mean LA or RA volumes, RA volumes are higher compared to their LA counterpart, LA-SVs and RA-SVs are similar, but atrial EFs are lower for RA than for LA. If lower/higher than mean LA or RA volumes are present, some differences in patterns of changes in counterpart atrial volumes—SVs and EFs—could be detected.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Similarities and Differences between Three-Dimensional Speckle-Tracking Echocardiography-Derived Left and Right Atrial Volumes and Volume-Based Functional Properties in the Same Healthy Adults—A Detailed Analysis from the MAGYAR-Healthy Study

Nemes,

Kormányos,

Ambrus

et al. 2023

Medicina

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“…Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a relatively common condition that can lead to SCD, even in young individuals, including well-trained athletes. This pathology affects both men and women, irrespective of their ethnicity [83].…”

Section: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathymentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathophysiology of Atrial Fibrillation and Approach to Therapy in Subjects Less than 60 Years Old

Curcio,

Scalise,

Indolfi

2024

IJMS

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Atrial fibrillation (AF) is an arrhythmia that affects the left atrium, cardiac function, and the patients’ survival rate. Due to empowered diagnostics, it has become increasingly recognized among young individuals as well, in whom it is influenced by a complex interplay of autoimmune, inflammatory, and electrophysiological mechanisms. Deepening our understanding of these mechanisms could contribute to improving AF management and treatment. Inflammation is a complexly regulated process, with interactions among various immune cell types, signaling molecules, and complement components. Addressing circulating antibodies and designing specific autoantibodies are promising therapeutic options. In cardiomyopathies or channelopathies, the first manifestation could be paroxysmal AF; persistent forms tend not to respond to antiarrhythmic drugs in these conditions. Further research, both in vitro and in vivo, on the use of genomic biotechnology could lead to new therapeutic approaches. Additional triggers that can be encountered in AF patients below 60 years of age are systemic hypertension, overweight, diabetes, and alcohol abuse. The aims of this review are to briefly report evidence from basic science and results of clinical studies that might explain the juvenile burden of the most encountered sustained supraventricular tachyarrhythmias in the general population.

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