Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in Patients over 50 Years Old

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review of the Epidemiological, Clinical, and Imaging Features

“…Consequently, 55 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility, of which 51 were excluded (25 were irrelevant, 17 were single case reports, 7 were review articles, 1 was an abstract without extractable data, and 1 was a letter to the editor). Three studies [ 16 , 29 , 30 ] and one abstract [ 31 ] were included as they met the inclusion criteria for review. The PRISMA flowchart is depicted in Fig.…”

“…Two of the studies were relatively old, including Guindy et al . (1984) [ 29 , 30 ] and Al-Nozha et al (1988), while the other two were recent, i.e . by Ahmed et al .…”

“…included patients with restrictive and dilated cardiomyopathy; however, non-HCM cases were excluded from the analysis. The diagnosis of HCM was made by echocardiographic evidence with or without clinical assessment in three studies [ 16 , 29 , 31 ], while cardiac catheterization was utilized in the fourth study [ 30 ]. While clinical findings were the primary outcome of all studies, three studies included echocardiographic findings, two included ECG findings, and only one reported hematological findings (Table 1 ).…”

“…Only the cohort by Guindy et al . had an older mean age of 58 years old, as the authors included only patients aged 50 years and older [ 30 ]. The age distribution of HCM is extremely variable, which reportedly covers all age groups; however, most of the patients are apparently diagnosed at an advanced age [ 40 ].…”