Hyperuricemia and its association with adiposity and dyslipidemia in Northwest China: results from cardiovascular risk survey in Xinjiang (CRS 2008–2012)

Abstract

Background: Hyperuricemia predisposes to gout, which may result in tophi, kidney stones, or urate nephropathy even kidney failure. Many metabolic risk factors and disorders has been recognized as a key risk factor contributing to development of hyperuricemia. Aim: To determine the prevalence of hyperuricemia and its association with adiposity and dyslipidemia. Methods: We recruited non-hospitalized participants (aged ≥35 years) in Xinjiang, a northwest part of China based on the Cardiovascular Risk Survey (CRS 2008(CRS -2012. Information of general health status, seafood or internal organs intake and history of disease were obtained by using an interview-based questionnaire. The levels of serum uric acid (sUA) and creatinine and lipid profiles were measured. A multivariate logistic regression model was performed to assess the association between prevalence of hyperuricemia and adiposity and dyslipidemia. (Continued on next page)Results: This study recruited 16,611 participants, and 14,618 was included (mean age of 50.5 ± 12.6 years, 46.6% was males). The study population comprised three ethnic groups with 39.4% of Han, 32.6% of Uygur and 28% of Kazakh Chinese. The overall prevalence of hyperuricemia was 9.1% (95% CI: 8.6 to 9.6) and it was11.8% in men was 6.7% in women. The three ethnic groups also had different hyperuricemia prevalence with 15.4% in Han, 4.6% in Uygur and 5.5% in Kazakh Chinese, which corresponding to a respective mean sUA levels of 306.2 ± 86.9, 249.4 ± 76.1 and 259.8 ± 78.7 μmol/L. Participants with diabetes, hypertension or hypertriglyceridemia and higher blood urea nitrogen (BUN), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), fasting blood glucose (FBG), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC) had higher levels of sUA (P < 0.001 respectively). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age, gender, ethnicity, drinking, obesity, waist circumference, TG (≥2.26 mmol/L), TC (≥6.22 mmol/L) are major risk factors for hyperuricemia. Compared to the 35-44-year age group [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1], the risk of hyperuricemia increased 1.61-fold in the 65-74-year age group (AOR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.34-1.91; P < 0.001), and 1.71-fold in the 75-and older age group (AOR = 1.71, 95% CI: 1.27-2.29; P < 0.001). There was a 1.45-fold higher risk of hyperuricemia in men (AOR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.24-1.68; P < 0.001) compared to women. Further, the risk of hyperuricemia increased significantly with drinking (AOR = 1.36; 95% CI: 1.16-1.61; P < 0.001), overweight (AOR = 1.25; 95% CI: 1.06-1.48; P = 0.01), obesity (AOR = 1.28; 95% CI: 1.10-1.49; P < 0.001), waist circumference (AOR = 1.48; 95% CI: 1.24-1.78; P < 0.001), TC (≥6.22 mmol/L, AOR = 1.45; 95% CI: 1.19-1.75; P < 0.001), TG (≥2.26 mmol/L, AOR = 2.74; 95% CI: 2.39-3.14; P < 0.001). Conclusions: These findings documented that the hyperuricemia is prevalent in the economically developing regions of northwest China. Hyperuricemia is associated with advanced age, male ender and general metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors. Obesity and dyslip...

Meta-analysis of the correlation between serum uric acid level and carotid intima-media thickness

“…Due to differences in research design between studies, the data extracted from the original studies were appropriately transformed before analysis [17]: (1) for studies that classified the participants into a high uric acid group and a control group, the extracted data were used for estimation without conversion; (2) for studies dividing the participants into multiple groups (or more than two groups), according to the definition criteria of hyperuricaemia [18], individuals meeting these standards were categorised into the high uric acid group, and the rest composed the control group; (3) hyperuricaemia was defined as > 7 mg/dl (416 μmol/L) for men and > 6 mg/dl for women, and the included studies were not grouped according to sex.…”

“…With substantial changes in the traditional lifestyle, the consumption of high purine and high protein foods has increased, and hyperuricaemia has become a common clinical disease. The incidence of hyperuricaemia has shown a significant upward trend in recent years [1][2][3]. The prevalence of hyperuricaemia and gout in mainland China from 2000 to 2014 was 13.3% and 1.1%, respectively [4].…”

Bioactive Compounds from Plant-Based Functional Foods: A Promising Choice for the Prevention and Management of Hyperuricemia

“…HUA is considered to be a major risk factor of metabolic disorders after hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and hyperglycemia [ 8 ], and is considered to be the major pathological basis of gout, whereby approximately 5–12% of HUA patients have the possibility of developing gout [ 9 ]. Moreover, a large number of epidemiological studies have reported that HUA is closely related to diabetes, hypertension, obesity, cardiovascular disease, and kidney disease [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ], which suggests that complications associated with HUA may increase in the coming years.…”

Interference with TGFβ1-Mediated Inflammation and Fibrosis Underlies Reno-Protective Effects of the CB1 Receptor Neutral Antagonists AM6545 and AM4113 in a Rat Model of Metabolic Syndrome

“…Alternatively, the therapeutic effects of AM6545 and AM4113 antagonists in renal function might also result from the correction of the underlined MetS disorder. Several reports have demonstrated that dyslipidemia, including high triglycerides and high serum cholesterol levels, may contribute to kidney disease [ 41 , 42 ]. In our previous study, CB1 blockade with both antagonists produced a marked decrease in serum cholesterol and triglycerides, serum insulin, body weight, serum uric acid and liver TNFα together with increased adiponectin levels in the same MetS rat model [ 28 ].…”