Hyphal healing mechanism in the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungiScutellospora reticulataandGlomus clarumdiffers in response to severe physical stress

Abstract

The hyphal healing mechanism (HHM) has been shown to differ between Gigasporaceae and Glomeraceae. However, this process has not been considered under (severe) physical stress conditions. Scutellospora reticulata and Glomus clarum strains were cultured monoxenically. The impact of long distance separating cut extremities of hyphae and of multiple injuries within hyphae on the HHM was monitored. For long distances (>5000 microm) separating cut extremities, hyphae healing was observed in half the cases in S. reticulata and was absent in G. clarum. For multiple-injured hyphae, the HHM was always oriented towards the complete recovery of hyphae integrity in S. reticulata, while in G. clarum, the growing hyphal tips (GHTs) could indifferently reconnect cut sections, by-pass cut sections or develop into the environment. Hyphae behaviour under severe physical stress clearly differentiated S. reticulata from G. clarum, suggesting that both fungi have developed different strategies for colony growth to survive under adverse conditions.

Direct evidence for modulation of photosynthesis by an arbuscular mycorrhiza‐induced carbon sink strength

“…We focused on the immediate response of photosynthesis but there are other relevant functions in the host plant and the mycorrhizal fungi that may be hampered. Nutrient transfer would likely be reduced after undergoing reallocation and depletion within the preserved mycelium network until new hyphae were formed or some areas of the mycelium network that were partially or fully closed could be reactivated (De la Providencia et al ., ). Carbon and mineral nutrient allocation and reallocation within and between both symbionts after excision could be examined with labelling techniques as they may involve immediate and late reactions depending on the capacity of each organism to mobilize resources (Gavito & Olsson, , ).…”

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and their Value for Ecosystem Management

“…An ecological shift in AMF communities is particularly noticeable when frequently and infrequently tilled agroecosystems are compared [42,63,88,93]. This is probably due to the different tolerance to hyphal disruption among the different AMF species [94,95]. Although AMF species can colonize plants from spores, this process often requires a certain amount of time.…”

Evolutionary ecology of mycorrhizal functional diversity in agricultural systems

“…2001). AMF species have been found to differ in their tolerance to hyphal disruption (de la Providencia et al. 2005, 2007) and ecological shifts in AMF community composition are often noted when high and low tillage regimes are compared (Boddington and Dodd 2000; Jansa et al.…”

“…2006). When hyphal networks are disturbed, AMF in the Gigasporaceae repair broken linkages by reconnecting the broken ends (de la Providencia et al. 2007) suggesting the family is not completely maladapted to disturbance.…”