Hyping health effects: a news analysis of the ‘new smoking’ and the role of sitting

Chau, Josephine Y.; Reyes-Marcelino, Gillian; Burnett, Alexander; Bauman, Adrian; Freeman, Becky

doi:10.1136/bjsports-2018-099432

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…This umbrella review provides a state-of-art level of evidence syntheses of the findings from 17 systematic reviews that conducted meta-analyses of interventions designed to reduce SB across different age groups. This area of research continues to be highly productive, and new trials are emerging at a rapid rate [ 40 ]. Moreover, this umbrella review is the first review of reviews making an effort to examine the effectiveness of SB interventions on measures of behaviour change (both screen time and sitting time), and to cover a broader span of interventions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effectiveness of sedentary behaviour interventions on sitting time and screen time in children and adults: an umbrella review of systematic reviews

Nguyen

et al. 2020

Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act

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Background There is increasing concern about the time people spend in sedentary behaviour, including screen time, leisure and occupational sitting. The number of both primary research studies (published trials) and reviews has been growing rapidly in this research area. A summary of the highest level of evidence that provides a broader quantitative synthesis of diverse types of interventions is needed. This research is to articulate the evidence of efficacy of sedentary behaviour interventions to inform interventions to reduce sitting time. The umbrella review, therefore, synthesised systematic reviews that conducted meta-analyses of interventions aiming at reducing sedentary behaviour outcomes across all age group and settings. Method A systematic search was conducted on six databases (MEDLINE Complete, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Global Health via EBSCOhost platform, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Systematic Reviews). Included articles were systematic reviews with meta-analysis of interventions aiming at reducing sedentary behaviour (screen time, sitting time or sedentary time) in the general population across all age group. Results Seventeen reviews met the inclusion criteria (7 in children and adolescent, 10 in adults). All reviews of sedentary behaviour interventions in children and adolescents investigated intervention effectiveness in reducing screen time. Six out of 11 meta-analyses (reported in 7 reviews) showed small but significant changes in viewing time. All reviews of sedentary behaviour interventions in office workplaces indicated substantial reduction in occupational sitting time (range: 39.6 to 100 min per 8-h workday). Sub-group analyses reported a trend favouring environmental change components such as sit-stand desks, active permissive workstations etc. Meta-analyses indicated that sedentary behaviour interventions were superior to physical activity alone interventions or combined physical activity and sedentary behaviour interventions in reducing sitting time. Conclusion The current systematic reviews and meta-analyses supported sedentary behaviour interventions for reducing occupational sitting time in particular, with small changes seen in screen time in children and adolescents. Future research should explore approaches to maintaining behaviour change beyond the intervention period and investigate the potential of sedentary behaviour reduction interventions in older age groups in non-occupational settings.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effectiveness of sedentary behaviour interventions on sitting time and screen time in children and adults: an umbrella review of systematic reviews

Nguyen

et al. 2020

Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act

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“…A research letter published in the Br J Sports Med reported PAF of physical inactivity for deaths from all causes to be 9.4%. We can interpret this percentage as the per cent of all deaths that would not have occurred if physical inactivity was eliminated in the population 31. For other outcomes (eg, sports injury, knee osteoarthritis, diabetes, cardiovascular disease), PAF can be interpreted in a similar way.…”

Section: Part 1: Terminology and Interpretation Related To Pafmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods matter: population attributable fraction (PAF) in sport and exercise medicine

2020

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“…Mass media coverage has gone as far as to compare the health consequences of sitting to those of smoking. A recent research analysis of news articles found nearly 300 articles claiming that "sitting is the new smoking" [2]. Such claims, however, were found to be inaccurate since "absolute risk differences for smoking far outweigh those for sitting, except for type 2 diabetes" [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishing a Scientific Consensus on the Cognitive Benefits of Physical Activity

Nazlieva

Mavilidi

Baars

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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Research suggests that physical activity can be used as an intervention to increase cognitive function. Yet, there are competing views on the cognitive effects of physical activity and it is not clear what level of consensus exists among researchers in the field. The purpose of this study was two-fold: Firstly, to quantify the scientific consensus by focusing on the relationship between physical activity and cognitive function. Secondly, to investigate if there is a gap between the public’s and scientists’ interpretations of scientific texts on this topic. A two-phase study was performed by including 75 scientists in the first phase and 15 non-scientists in the second phase. Participants were asked to categorize article abstracts in terms of endorsement of the effect of physical activity on cognitive function. Results indicated that there was a 76.1% consensus that physical activity has positive cognitive effects. There was a consistent association between scientists’ and non-scientists’ categorizations, suggesting that both groups perceived abstracts in a similar fashion. Taken together, this study provides the first analysis of its kind to evaluate the level of consensus in almost two decades of research. The present data can be used to inform further research and practice.

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Hyping health effects: a news analysis of the ‘new smoking’ and the role of sitting

Cited by 15 publications

References 5 publications

The effectiveness of sedentary behaviour interventions on sitting time and screen time in children and adults: an umbrella review of systematic reviews

The effectiveness of sedentary behaviour interventions on sitting time and screen time in children and adults: an umbrella review of systematic reviews

Methods matter: population attributable fraction (PAF) in sport and exercise medicine

Establishing a Scientific Consensus on the Cognitive Benefits of Physical Activity

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