Hypnotherapy in management of delivery pain: a review

Abstract

Hypnosis in obstetrics is available for more than one hundred years, but the development of inhalational anesthetic and chemotherapy agents and anesthesia drugs pending the 19th century induced the decrement of its application. However, experimental assessment of this type of intervention on labor and delivery in not high yet. For this reason, evaluation of hypnotic techniques in preparing childbirth should be carried out. One of the main unified mind-body healing practices, which has a great remedial potential in different applications of health care like labor and delivery. Assessment of effectiveness of this procedure in various administered trials is not easy, due to methodologic challenges, like normalizing trial conditions and picking up sufficient sizes of sample. Applying techniques of hypnosis for childbirth within hospital settings makes women to easily overcome barriers associated with institutional policies or caregiver resistance. Potential analgesic and anxiolytic clinical hypnosis effects for childbirth deserve more clinical trials. In this regard, nurses who manage women pending labor and delivery could easily enhance their skills and related understandings for contributing to techniques of hypnotherapy.

Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Trichomonas vaginalis among women with genitourinary infection and pregnancy-related complications in Tehran: A cross-sectional study

“…In a previous study conducted in Tehran, the prevalence of NG was 5.2% and 16.9% among fertile and infertile women, respectively. 3 Another report from Qom showed a similar rate (5.7%) to the findings of our study, since the symptomatic patients were also included in that study. 20 Four cases of co-infection were found in this research, indicating that approximately 17% of women with gonorrhea also had chlamydia; accordingly, this may justify the need for cotreatment for these infections.…”

“…29 As mentioned above, Azizmohammadi and Azizmohammadi detected gonococci in 16.9% of infertile females in their studied population. 3 Further, infection with CT and NG was significantly related to ectopic pregnancy. The current study provides further evidence of these infections increasing the risk of ectopic pregnancy and infertility in Iran.…”

“…1 So far, few studies have examined the prevalence of these STIs in Iran, and of the studies conducted to date, the results have likely been affected by research limitations, such as a low sample numbers and insensitive diagnostic methods. 2,3 Nevertheless, the limited amount of pertinent data to date indicates an average prevalence rate of 12.3% for CT and 0%-5.7% for NG, 4,5 and that the prevalence of TV varies under different epidemiological conditions from 0.4% to 42%. 2 STIs cause considerable health complications and economic difficulties around the world.…”

Can hypnotic suggestion induce feelings of unconditional love and supernormal performance?

“…Currently, hypnotherapy is often used only to help clients deal with difficult behaviors, experiences, and thoughts (for recent reviews, see Azizmohammadi & Azizmohammadi, 2019; Barnes, McRobbie, Dong, Walker, & Hartmann-Boyce, 2019; Osborne & Reed, 2019; Taylor & Genkov, 2019). However, as mentioned in the introduction, several groups are examining the use of hypnotherapy as a route to providing nonpharmaceutically induced transcendent experiences (Lynn & Evans, 2017; Tressoldi et al, 2015).…”

The Effect of Hypnotherapy on Postpartum Pain and Depression in Women with Post Caesarean Delivery

“…Hypnotherapy is one of the complementary therapy options that are effective and efficient in reducing pain symptoms and post-partum depression. Hypnotherapy is a state of responsive awareness modification that involves a partial focus of attention to reduce awareness of external environmental influences (Azizmohammadi et al, 2019). The effect of hypnotherapy on pain is explained through the induction of positive emotions that are generated during the hypnosis process, which can increase norepinephrine performance which in turn has an impact on decreasing inflammatory mediators such as interleukin-1, interleukin-6, prostaglandins, and TNF α.…”