Hypnotically Created Memory Among Highly Hypnotizable Subjects

Laurence, Jean-Roch; Perry, Campbell

doi:10.1126/science.6623094

Cited by 148 publications

(134 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…It is well established that suggestion in and out of the context of hypnosis can be used to reliably induce false memories (Loftus, 1997) and hypnosis was among the first methods used to induce false memories in the laboratory (Laurence & Perry, 1983). As with most other hypnotic phenomena, the induction of robust false memories through hypnotic suggestion is most robust with suggestible individuals, but researchers have also reliably induced false memories with medium and low suggestible individuals (Lynn, Matthews, & Barnes, 2009).…”

Section: Cognitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypnosis and top-down regulation of consciousness

Terhune

Cleeremans

Raz

et al. 2017

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

143

165

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Hypnosis is a unique form of top-down regulation in which verbal suggestions are capable of eliciting pronounced changes in a multitude of psychological phenomena. Hypnotic suggestion has been widely used both as a technique for studying basic science questions regarding human consciousness but also as a method for targeting a range of symptoms within a therapeutic context. Here we provide a synthesis of current knowledge regarding the characteristics and neurocognitive mechanisms of hypnosis. We review evidence from cognitive neuroscience, experimental psychopathology, and clinical psychology regarding the utility of hypnosis as an experimental method for modulating consciousness, as a model for studying healthy and pathological cognition, and as a therapeutic vehicle. We also highlight the relationships between hypnosis and other psychological phenomena, including the broader domain of suggestion and suggestibility and conclude by identifying the most salient challenges confronting the nascent cognitive neuroscience of hypnosis and outlining future directions for research on hypnosis and suggestion.

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Section: Cognitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypnosis and top-down regulation of consciousness

Terhune

Cleeremans

Raz

et al. 2017

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

143

165

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“…Once established, hypnotically induced paramnesia can be hard to shake. Laurence & Perry (1983) falsely suggested to a group of highly hypnotizable subjects that they had awakened to a noise on a particular night. After termination of hypnosis, all of these subjects remembered this event as if it had actually occurred, and almost half of them maintained this belief even after they were informed that the memory had been suggested to them by the hypnotist.…”

Section: H Y Pnot Ic H Y Pe R M N E S I Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypnosis, memory and amnesia

Kihlstrom

1997

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B

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SU M M A RYHypnotized subjects respond to suggestions from the hypnotist for imaginative experiences involving alterations in perception and memory. Individual di¡erences in hypnotizability are only weakly related to other forms of suggestibility. Neuropsychological speculations about hypnosis focus on the right hemisphere and/or the frontal lobes. Posthypnotic amnesia refers to subjects' di¤culty in remembering, after hypnosis, the events and experiences that transpired while they were hypnotized. Posthypnotic amnesia is not an instance of state-dependent memory, but it does seem to involve a disruption of retrieval processes similar to the functional amnesias observed in clinical dissociative disorders. Implicit memory, however, is largely spared, and may underlie subjects' ability to recognize events that they cannot recall. Hypnotic hypermnesia refers to improved memory for past events. However, such improvements are illusory: hypermnesia suggestions increase false recollection, as well as subjects' con¢dence in both true and false memories. Hypnotic age regression can be subjectively compelling, but does not involve the ablation of adult memory, or the reinstatement of childlike modes of mental functioning, or the revivi¢cation of memory. The clinical and forensic use of hypermnesia and age regression to enhance memory in patients, victims and witnesses (e.g. recovered memory therapy for child sexual abuse) should be discouraged.

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“…Hypnosis is sometimes used as a technique for "recovering" lost memories (Driscoll & Wright, 1991), and subjects with higher hypnotic suggestibility scores report more false memories (Bamier & McConkey, 1992;Laurence & Perry, 1983;Sheehan, Statham, & Jamieson, 1991). We examined whether hypnotic suggestibility would be positively related to imagination inflation scores.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual differences in imagination inflation

Heaps

Nash

1999

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review

159

110

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Garry, Manning, Loftus, and Sherman (1996) found that when adult subjects imagined childhood events, these events were subsequentlyjudged as more likely to have occurred than were not-imagined events, The authors termed this effect imagination inflation, We replicated the effect, using a novel set of Life Events Inventory events. Further, we tested whether the effect is related to four subject characteristics possibly associated with false memory creation. The extent to which subjects inflated judged likelihood following imagined events was associated with indices of hypnotic suggestibility and dissociativity, but not with vividness of imagery or interrogative suggestibility. Results suggest that imagination plays a role in subsequent likelihood judgments regarding childhood events, and that some individuals are more likely than others to experience imagination inflation.

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Hypnotically Created Memory Among Highly Hypnotizable Subjects

Cited by 148 publications

References 14 publications

Hypnosis and top-down regulation of consciousness

Hypnosis and top-down regulation of consciousness

Hypnosis, memory and amnesia

Individual differences in imagination inflation

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