Hypnotizability, Laterality of Eye-Movements and Functional Brain Asymmetry

Bakan, Paul

doi:10.2466/pms.1969.28.3.927

Cited by 336 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…CLEMs refer to the eye movements people make as they begin to think about something. It has been hypothesized that the predominance of CLEMs in one direction is indicative of higher activation in the contralateral hemisphere [53]. For example, people with predominant left CLEMs, or ‘left movers’, are considered to have a dominant RH.…”

Section: Behavioral Studies Of the Rh Deficit Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alexithymia, Interhemispheric Transfer, and Right Hemispheric Specialization: A Critical Review

Tabibnia

Zaidel²

2005

Psychother Psychosom

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Background: One neural model of alexithymia relates the condition to poor interhemispheric transfer, while another model associates it with a disturbance in right hemisphere activity. Methods: The available empirical evidence directly relating alexithymia to a deficit in interhemispheric transfer and/or in right hemisphere activity is critically reviewed. Results: The interhemispheric transfer studies have related alexithymia to a deficit in transfer, but the nature and directionality of the transfer deficit have yet to be determined. Many of the hemispheric specialization studies do not relate alexithymia to a right hemisphere dysfunction. Shortcomings of these studies are reviewed. Conclusions: The hypothesis that alexithymia is related to a deficit in the right-to-left transfer of emotional information and to a right hemisphere impairment in emotion processing remains to be tested directly and definitively. Suggestions for future research are made.

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Section: Behavioral Studies Of the Rh Deficit Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alexithymia, Interhemispheric Transfer, and Right Hemispheric Specialization: A Critical Review

Tabibnia

Zaidel²

2005

Psychother Psychosom

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“…According to this method, individuals showing a predominance of left CLEMs (left movers) during ongoing cognitive processing are assumed to rely more on their right cerebral hemisphere, while those showing a predominance of right CLEMs (right movers) are thought to rely more on their left hemisphere [31,32], Con trary to the prediction that alexithymia would be associated with a predominance of right eye movements (indicating left cerebral later alization), Cole and Bakan [30] found that left movers were more alexithymic in a sample of 102 right-handed college students. In an at tempt to explain this apparent paradox, these researchers suggested that alexithymia might be associated with an overactivation of the right hemisphere, resulting in a disruption of certain mechanisms involved in the process ing of emotions.…”

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confidence: 99%

Relationship between Conjugate Lateral Eye Movements and Alexithymia

Parker

Taylor²,

Bagby³

1992

Psychother Psychosom

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The relationship between conjugate lateral eye movements (CLEMs) and alexithymia was investigated in a group of 60 (23 male and 37 female) right-handed university students. Subjects completed the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS), the Schalling-Sifneos Personality Scale, and the Basic Personality Inventory, which measures 12 basic dimensions of personality and psychopathology. CLEMs were recorded while subjects were asked 20 general knowledge questions that have no tendency to elicit eye movements predominantly in one direction. A series of gender by CLEM preference (left vs. right mover) ANOVAs were conducted with the various measures. There was a significant relationship between right CLEM preference and higher scores on the TAS, but no relationships between CLEMs and any of the other measures. These results suggest that alexithymia is associated with left cerebral lateral-ization, and support the hypothesis that alexithymic characteristics reflect a variation in brain organization.

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“…During thepast decade, CLEM thus emerged as one of the main indices of hemisphericity (e.g., Bakan, 1969;Breitling & Bonnet, 1985;Cole & Bakan, 1986;Griffiths & Woodman, 1985;Lenhart & Katkin, 1986), although certain writers (e.g., Beaumont , 1983;Beaumont, Young , & McManus, 1984;Ehrlichman & Weinberger, 1978) have criticized such usage. A number of studies, usually using right-handed subjects, claim that CLEM predominates to the right when the content of the questions is verbal and to the left when the content is spatial (e.g.…”

Section: A Harvey Baker Queens College Of the City University Of Newmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Male left-movers are better at a task involving detection of their own heartbeats (Hantas, Katkin, & Reed, 1984) . Male left-movers are more susceptible to hypnosis (Bakan, 1969;Bakan & Svorad, 1969; R. C. Gur & R. E. Gur, 1974;Morgan, McDonald, & MacDonald, 1971).…”

Section: A Harvey Baker Queens College Of the City University Of Newmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The second major line of research was inspired by the hypothesis that the left versus right directionality of CLEM reflects greater activation of the contralateral cerebral hemisphere (e.g., Bakan, 1969;Kinsboume, 1972;Kocel, Galin, Ornstein, & Merrin, 1972). During thepast decade, CLEM thus emerged as one of the main indices of hemisphericity (e.g., Bakan, 1969;Breitling & Bonnet, 1985;Cole & Bakan, 1986;Griffiths & Woodman, 1985;Lenhart & Katkin, 1986), although certain writers (e.g., Beaumont , 1983;Beaumont, Young , & McManus, 1984;Ehrlichman & Weinberger, 1978) have criticized such usage.…”

Section: A Harvey Baker Queens College Of the City University Of Newmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Visual asymmetry biases assessment of conjugate lateral eye movement

Baker

1989

Bull. Psychon. Soc.

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This paper reports a serendipitous observation. Prior research led to the expectation that equal numbers of right-movers and left-movers would be found in a study aimed at exploring individual differences in conjugate lateral eye movement. Instead, most subjects were found to be right-movers (p < .001). Scrutiny ofthe study's procedures revealed that the subjects had inadvertently been placed next to the left wall of the room. Apparently asymmetrical visual stimulation during the assessment of conjugate lateral eye movement can affect the right versus left directionality of such movement, an interpretation consistent with earlier formulations and findings of the sensorytonic theory of perception. This paper reports a serendipitous observation that seems to indicate that asymmetrical positioning of a subject in a testing room during assessment of conjugate lateral eye movement (CLEM) biases the right versus left directionality of CLEM. To put this issue into appropriate perspective, the CLEM phenomenon is described and some earlier CLEM findings reviewed. Then, after the report of the study, the implications and interpretation of this finding are considered.If two people are facing each other while sharing eye gaze and if the first asks the second a question that requires some reflective thinking, the second person will typically avert his/her eyes to the right or left before beginning to reply . This shift in eye gaze has been called conjugate lateral eye movement.Based on clinicalobservations, Day (1964) was the first to call attention to CLEM . He reported that most people can be described as either "right-movers" (i.e. , a person who shows mostly right CLEMs) or "left-movers. " This description turned out to be somewhat oversimplified: it implies a bimodal distribution of CLEM scores, whereas in fact the distribution is relatively flat (cf. Ehrlichman & Weinberger, 1978, Figure 1). This flat distribution indicates that although many people show predominantly right CLEM and many others show predominantly left CLEM, there are a number who fall in the middle, showing more nearly equal amounts of right and left CLEM . In terms of the issues involved in the present paper, it should be added, however, that if one categorizes a number of people into two groups-those who show more right CLEM versus those who show more left CLEM-the two groups should be approximately equal in size.

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Hypnotizability, Laterality of Eye-Movements and Functional Brain Asymmetry

Cited by 336 publications

References 16 publications

Alexithymia, Interhemispheric Transfer, and Right Hemispheric Specialization: A Critical Review

Alexithymia, Interhemispheric Transfer, and Right Hemispheric Specialization: A Critical Review

Relationship between Conjugate Lateral Eye Movements and Alexithymia

Visual asymmetry biases assessment of conjugate lateral eye movement

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