Hypocapnia and Hypercapnia

Curley, Gerard F.; Kavanagh, Brian P.; Laffey, John G.

doi:10.1016/b978-1-4557-3383-5.00086-5

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 343 publications

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“…The partial pressure of arterial CO 2 (p a,CO2 ) depends on the produced, eliminated, and inspired CO 2 . [ 14 ] The elevated outdoor CO 2 due to climate change may cause inspired CO 2 to increase. The level of indoor CO 2 depends on the outdoor CO 2 level and it may be six to ten times higher than the level of outdoor CO 2 especially in crowded areas such as offices and classrooms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 12 ] The partial pressure of arterial CO 2 is higher in patients with COPD than in healthy subjects [ 13 ] and the level of inspired CO 2 affects the partial pressure of arterial CO 2 . [ 14 ] Three million people die due to COPD each year [ 15 ] and it is predicted that COPD will be the third leading disease causing death around 2030. [ 15 ] It is also predicted that global warming will have negative effects on respiratory and neurological diseases because poor air quality due to global warming may impair lung function, [ 16 , 17 ] and increase morbidity and mortality in patients with COPD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Potential Effects of Increased Outdoor Temperatures Due to Global Warming on Cerebral Blood Flow Rate and Respiratory Function in Chronic Obstructive Disease and Anemia

Bozkurt,

Bozkurt

2023

Global Challenges

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Global warming due to increased outdoor carbon dioxide (CO2) levels may cause several health problems such as headaches, cognitive impairment, or kidney dysfunction. It is predicted that further increases in CO2 levels will increase the morbidity and mortality of patients affected by a variety of diseases. For instance, patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) may suffer cognitive impairments or intracranial bleeding due to an increased cerebral blood flow rate. Predicting the harmful effects of global warming on human health will help to take measures for potential problems. Therefore, the quantification of physiological parameters is an essential step to investigate the effects of global warming on human health. In this study, the effects of increased outdoor temperatures due to climate change on cerebral blood flow rate and respiratory function in healthy subjects and COPD patients with anemia and respiratory acidosis are evaluated utilizing numerical simulations. The numerical model simulates cardiac function and blood circulation in systemic, pulmonary and cerebral circulations, cerebral autoregulatory functions, respiratory function, alveolar gas exchange, oxygen (O2) and CO2 contents, and hemoglobin levels in the blood. The simulation results show that although the cardiovascular function is not significantly altered, the respiratory function and cerebral blood flow rates are altered remarkably.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Potential Effects of Increased Outdoor Temperatures Due to Global Warming on Cerebral Blood Flow Rate and Respiratory Function in Chronic Obstructive Disease and Anemia

Bozkurt,

Bozkurt

2023

Global Challenges

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“…Lactate was numerically lower for the TMH-group, but the difference was not statistically signi cant. Hypercapnia may reduce cellular respiration and oxygen consumption [29], which could theoretically also increase the MVO2.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this regard, cardiac arrest is frequently followed by pulmonary complications and a signi cant number of resuscitated OHCA patients eventually ful l the criteria for acute respiratory distress syndrome [31]. Myocardial dysfunction and congestion likely play a signi cant role in impaired gas exchange and lung damage after cardiac arrest, but their signi cance remains unclear [29,30]. Lung protective ventilation has become standard post-ROSC care [30], but there is insu cient evidence to advise for or against mild hypercapnia [6].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeted mild hypercapnia after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is associated with favourable cardiovascular effects. A sub-study of the TAME cardiac arrest trial.

Melberg

Flaa

Andersen

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Purpose: Hypercapnic acidosis may elicit detrimental haemodynamic effects in critically ill patients. We aimed to investigate the consequences of targeted mild hypercapnia (TMH) versus targeted normocapnia (TN) on pulmonary vascular resistance and right ventricular function in patients resuscitated from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Methods: Single-centre, prospective, sub-study of the Targeted Therapeutic Mild Hypercapnia After Resuscitated Cardiac Arrest (TAME) trial. Patients were randomised to TMH (PaCO2 = 6.7–7.3 kPa) or TN (PaCO2 = 4.7-6.0 kPa) for 24 hours. Haemodynamic assessment was performed with right heart catheterisation and serial blood-gas analyses every 4th hour for 48 hours. Results: We studied 84 patients. Mean pH was 7.24 (95 % CI 7.22–7.30) and 7.32 (95 % CI 7.31–7.34) with TMH and TN, respectively (P-group < 0.001). Pulmonary vascular resistance index (PVRI), pulmonary artery pulsatility index, and right atrial pressure did not differ between groups (P-group > 0.05). Mean cardiac index was higher with TMH (P-group < 0.001): 2.0 (95 % CI 1.85–2.1) vs 1.6 (95 % CI 1.52–1.76) L/min/m2. Systemic vascular resistance index was 2579 dyne-sec/cm-5/ m2 (95 % CI 2356–2830) with TMH, and 3249 dyne-sec/cm-5/ m2 (95 % CI 2930 – 3368) with TN (P-group < 0.001). Stroke volumes (P-group = 0.013) and mixed venous oxygen saturation (P-group < 0.001) were higher in the TMH-group. Conclusion: In resuscitated OHCA patients, targeting mild hypercapnia did not increase PVRI or worsen right ventricular function compared to TN. TMH comparatively improved cardiac performance and mixed venous oxygen saturation. Trial registration number: NCT03114033

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Cardiovascular changes induced by targeted mild hypercapnia after out of hospital cardiac arrest. A sub-study of the TAME cardiac arrest trial

Melberg,

Flaa,

Andersen

et al. 2023

Resuscitation

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Hypocapnia and Hypercapnia

Cited by 7 publications

References 343 publications

Evaluation of Potential Effects of Increased Outdoor Temperatures Due to Global Warming on Cerebral Blood Flow Rate and Respiratory Function in Chronic Obstructive Disease and Anemia

Evaluation of Potential Effects of Increased Outdoor Temperatures Due to Global Warming on Cerebral Blood Flow Rate and Respiratory Function in Chronic Obstructive Disease and Anemia

Targeted mild hypercapnia after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is associated with favourable cardiovascular effects. A sub-study of the TAME cardiac arrest trial.

Cardiovascular changes induced by targeted mild hypercapnia after out of hospital cardiac arrest. A sub-study of the TAME cardiac arrest trial

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