Hypochlorous acid produced at the counter electrode inhibits catalase and increases bactericidal activity of a hydrogen peroxide generating electrochemical bandage

Anoy, Md Monzurul Islam; Gelston, Suzanne; Mohamed, Abdelrhman; Flurin, Laure; Raval, Yash S.; Greenwood‐Quaintance, Kerryl E.; Patel, Robin; Lewandowski, Zbigniew; Beyenal, Haluk

doi:10.1016/j.bioelechem.2022.108261

Cited by 7 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 42 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Later, the concentration of HOCl decreases due to diffusion and possible reaction with organics in the hydrogel, reaching ∼ 100 mM (48). However, immediately upon polarization of the WE at -0.6 V Ag/AgCl (to generate H 2 O 2 ), HOCl concentrations dropped below the detection limit, due to reaction between HOCl and H 2 O 2 (Equation 4) (28, 44, 45). …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biofilms (initial, control, and e-bandage treated) were quantified by calculating CFUs as described previously (24, 28, 29). Briefly, e-bandages were removed from TSA plates and placed in Petri dishes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such a treatment approach would take advantage of the unique traits of each biocide. However, HOCl reacts with H 2 O 2 to produce oxygen and water, which might nullify H 2 O 2 oxidizing effect (28, 39). Therefore, HOCl and H 2 O 2 should ideally be separated in distance or time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Evaluation of Treatment of Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusBiofilms with Intermittent Electrochemically-Generated H₂O₂or HOCl

Anoy,

Kim,

Gelston

et al. 2024

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Chronic wound infections can be difficult to treat and may lead to impaired healing and worsened patient outcomes. Novel treatment strategies are needed. This study evaluated effects of intermittently produced H2O2and HOCl, generated via an electrochemical bandage (e-bandage), against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilms in an agar membrane biofilm model. By changing the working electrode potential, the e-bandage generated either HOCl (1.5 VAg/AgCl) or H2O2(-0.6 VAg/AgCl). The degree of biocidal activity of intermittent treatment with HOCl and H2O2correlated with HOCl treatment time; HOCl treatment durations of 0, 1.5, 3, 4.5, and 6 hours (with the rest of the 6 hour total treatment time devoted to H2O2generation) resulted in mean biofilm reductions of 1.36±0.2, 2.22±0.16, 3.46±0.38, 4.63±0.74 and 7.66±0.5 log CFU/cm2, respectively vs. non-polarized controls, respectively. However, application of H2O2immediately after HOCl treatment was detrimental to biofilm removal. For example, 3-hours HOCl treatment followed by 3-hours H2O2resulted in a 1.90±0.84 log CFU/cm2lower mean biofilm reduction than 3-hours HOCl treatment followed by 3-hours non-polarization. HOCl generated over 3-hours exhibited biocidal activity for at least 7.5-hours after e-bandage operation ceased; 3-hours of HOCl generation followed by 7.5-hours of non-polarization resulted in a biofilm cell reduction of 7.92±0.12 log CFU/cm2vs. non polarized controls. Finally, intermittent treatment with HOCl (i.e., interspersed with periods of e-bandage non-polarization) for various intervals showed similar effects (approximately 6 log CFU/cm2reduction vs. non-polarized control) to continuous treatment with HOCl for 3-hours, followed by 3-hours of non-polarization. These findings suggest that timing and sequencing of HOCl and H2O2treatments are crucial for maximizing biofilm control.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Evaluation of Treatment of Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusBiofilms with Intermittent Electrochemically-Generated H₂O₂or HOCl

Anoy,

Kim,

Gelston

et al. 2024

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The continuous generation and delivery of H 2 O 2 and HOCl to wound beds to reduce biofilms could be considered ideal antibacterial effects 16 , 17 . To combat bacteria biofilms, researchers have taken advantage of this property to develop and evaluate the in-vitro anti-biofilm activity of a novel proof-of-concept electrochemical bandage system (E-bandage) consisting of carbon fabric, a 3-electrode system controlled by a wearable potentiostatic device, which uses xanthan gel-based hydrogels to provide electrolytic conductivity between electrodes, continuously producing controlled amounts of H 2 O 2 and HOCl 18 – 20 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research frontiers and hotspots in bacterial biofilm wound therapy: bibliometric and visual analysis for 2012–2022

Liu,

Zhai,

Feng

et al. 2023

Annals of Medicine &Amp; Surgery

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Bacterial biofilms, which can protect bacteria from host immune response and drug attack, are an important factor in the difficult healing of chronic wound infection, which has become a major problem in medical development. This paper aimed to analyze literature related to bacterial biofilm wound treatment published between 2012 and 2022 using bibliometric and visual analysis. Methods: Publications related to bacterial biofilm wound treatment from 2012 to 2022 were selected from the Web of Science Core Collection. Microsoft Excel 2021, bibliometrics, CiteSpace6.1, and VOSviewer1.6.18 were used to extract and analyze data. Results: A total of 940 original articles were published between 20212 and 2022, with the United States being the leading country (with 302 papers, 32.13%) and the University of Copenhagen in Denmark being the leading institution (with 26 published articles) in the field. Steven L Percival, a British academic, published the most articles (14). In the field of bacterial biofilm wound treatment, keywords suggested that the research gradually transitioned from lower limb venous ulcer, negative pressure-assisted healing to chronic wound, in vitro bacterial biological model research, and then to the development of more microscopic and more advanced technologies such as antibacterial activity and nanomaterials. “Nanoparticles”, “inhibition/antibacterial”, “delivery”, “gold nanoparticles”, “hydrogel”, “wound healing”, etc., may become new research hotspots in this field. Conclusion: There is a lack of specific and effective treatment methods for diagnosing and treating bacterial biofilms in wounds. Through the development of multidisciplinary cooperation, early diagnosis and treatment of bacterial biofilms in wounds can be achieved. These data may provide a useful reference for scholars studying more effective bacterial biofilm wound treatment.

show abstract

“…Treatment groups consisted of 1) 3 hours of HOCl production followed by 3 hours of non-polarization (no biocide production) and 18 hours of H 2 O 2 production, 2) 3 hours of HOCl production followed by 21 hours of non-polarization, 3) 24 hours of HOCl production, 4) 24 hours of H 2 O 2 production, 5) 6 hours of non-polarization followed by 18 hours of H 2 O 2 production, 6) 24 hours of non-polarized control e-bandage, 7) no e-bandage control. Group 1 (3 hours HOCl, 3 hours non-polarized, 18 hours H 2 O 2 ) was chosen to represent a theoretical scenario HOCl is produced for 3 hours, followed by 3 hours of HOCl dissipation (HOCl otherwise reacts with H 2 O 2 ),(Anoy et al, 2022) and 18 hours of H 2 O 2 delivery (to deliver a biocide and promote wound healing). After treatment, e-bandages were removed from TSA plates and colony forming units (CFUs) quantified via serial 1:10 dilution in PBS and drop plating on TSA plates.…”

Section: Benchmark Performance Of the Pmwp Against A Commercial Poten...mentioning

confidence: 99%

DUAL ACTION ELECTROCHEMICAL BANDAGE OPERATED by a PROGRAMMABLE MULTIMODAL WEARABLE POTENTIOSTAT

Bozyel,

Fleming,

Kim

et al. 2024

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Electrochemical bandages (e-bandages) can be applied to biofilm-infected wounds to generate reactive oxygen species, such as hypochlorous acid (HOCl) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The e-bandage-generated HOCl or H2O2kills biofilms in vitro and in infected wounds on mice. The HOCl-generating e-bandage is more active against biofilms in vitro, although this distinction is less apparent in vivo. The H2O2-generating e-bandage, more than the HOCl-generating e-bandage, is associated with improved healing of infected wounds. A strategy in which H2O2and HOCl are generated alternately—for dual action—was explored. The goal was to develop a programmable multimodal wearable potentiostat (PMWP) that could be programmed to generate HOCl or H2O2, as needed. An ultralow-power microcontroller unit managed operation of the PMWP. The system was operated with a 260 mAh capacity coin battery and weighed 4.6 grams, making it suitable for small animal experiments or human use. The overall cost of a single wearable potentiostat was $6.50 (USD). The device was verified using established electrochemical systems and functioned comparably to a commercial potentiostat. To determine antimicrobial effectiveness, PMWP-controlled e-bandages were tested against clinical isolates of four prevalent chronic wound bacterial pathogens, methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA),Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Acinetobacter baumannii, andEnterococcus faecium, and one fungal pathogen of emerging concern,Candida auris. PMWP-controlled e-bandages exhibited broad-spectrum activity against biofilms of all study isolates tested when programmed to deliver HOCl followed by H2O2. These results show that the PMWP operates effectively and is suitable for animal testing.

show abstract

Hypochlorous acid produced at the counter electrode inhibits catalase and increases bactericidal activity of a hydrogen peroxide generating electrochemical bandage

Cited by 7 publications

References 42 publications

Evaluation of Treatment of Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusBiofilms with Intermittent Electrochemically-Generated H₂O₂or HOCl

Evaluation of Treatment of Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusBiofilms with Intermittent Electrochemically-Generated H₂O₂or HOCl

Research frontiers and hotspots in bacterial biofilm wound therapy: bibliometric and visual analysis for 2012–2022

DUAL ACTION ELECTROCHEMICAL BANDAGE OPERATED by a PROGRAMMABLE MULTIMODAL WEARABLE POTENTIOSTAT

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Hypochlorous acid produced at the counter electrode inhibits catalase and increases bactericidal activity of a hydrogen peroxide generating electrochemical bandage

Cited by 7 publications

References 42 publications

Evaluation of Treatment of Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusBiofilms with Intermittent Electrochemically-Generated H2O2or HOCl

Evaluation of Treatment of Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusBiofilms with Intermittent Electrochemically-Generated H2O2or HOCl

Research frontiers and hotspots in bacterial biofilm wound therapy: bibliometric and visual analysis for 2012–2022

DUAL ACTION ELECTROCHEMICAL BANDAGE OPERATED by a PROGRAMMABLE MULTIMODAL WEARABLE POTENTIOSTAT

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Evaluation of Treatment of Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusBiofilms with Intermittent Electrochemically-Generated H₂O₂or HOCl

Evaluation of Treatment of Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusBiofilms with Intermittent Electrochemically-Generated H₂O₂or HOCl