Hypocholesterolaemic effect of dietary inclusion of two putative probiotic bile salt hydrolase-producingLactobacillus plantarumstrains in Sprague–Dawley rats

Abstract

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the anti-hypercholesterolaemic effects of two putative probiotic bile salt hydrolase (Bsh)-producing Lactobacillus plantarum strains, i.e. Lp91 and Lp21, in rats. L. plantarum Lp91 exhibited excellent tolerance to low pH and high bile salt concentrations as well as showed potential Bsh activity, cholesterol assimilation and cholesterol co-precipitation ability along with L. plantarum Lp21 and NCDO82 strains. Furthermore, the potential effect of L. plantarum Lp91 on plasma cholesterol level was evaluated in Sprague -Dawley rats. Five treatment groups of rats (n 6) were fed experimental diets: normal diet, hypercholesterolaemic diet (HD), HD plus L. plantarum Lp91 (HD91) at $ 1·0 £ 10 8 colony-forming units (cfu)/g, HD plus microencapsulated L. plantarum Lp91 (HDCap91) at $ 1·0 £ 10 8 cfu/g and HD plus L. plantarum Lp21 (HD21) at $ 1·0 £ 10 8 cfu/g for 3 weeks. Feed intake and feed efficiency differed significantly among the five groups. After 21 d of dietary treatment, comparative analysis revealed 23·26, 15·71 and 15·01 % reduction in total cholesterol, 21·09, 18·77 and 18·17 % reduction in TAG, 38·13, 23·22 and 21·42 % reduction in LDL-cholesterol, and the corresponding HDL-cholesterol values increased at the rate of 18·94, 10·30 and 7·78 % in treated groups HD91, HDCap91 and HD21, respectively. Faecal excretion of cholic acid and faecal lactobacilli counts were significantly higher in the probiotic treatment groups than in the control groups. In conclusion, these results suggest that the indigenous L. plantarum Lp91 strain has the potential to be explored as a probiotic in the management of hypercholesterolaemia.Key words: Lactobacillus plantarum: Microencapsulation: Bile salt hydrolase: Plasma lipids An elevated serum cholesterol level is considered to be one of the major risk factors associated with atherosclerosis and CHD (1,2) -the major cause of morbidity and mortality around the world (3,4) . The WHO predicts that by the year 2020, up to 40 % of all deaths will be related to CVD. Although drug-based therapy (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors or drugs) is currently being used to treat this condition (5) , it is often suboptimal, expensive and suffers from unwanted side effects (6 -8) .Another natural cost-effective and safe alternative approach recently being explored to manage cholesterolrelated problems is based on probiotic intervention. Probiotics particularly belonging to the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium as biotherapeutics have been investigated for reducing the level of cholesterol in the serum by virtue of bile salt hydrolase (Bsh) activity through direct impact on host bile salt metabolism (9 -12) . Bsh-producing lactobacilli have the selective advantage of surviving and colonising the lower small intestine where the enterohepatic cycle takes place and, therefore, Bsh activity could be considered as one of the important colonisation factors (13) . Bile salts are secreted as bile into the duodenum in the...

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Comparative Evaluation of the Antioxidant Capacities, Organic Acids, and Volatiles of Papaya Juices Fermented by Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus plantarum

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