Hypocholesterolemic activity of grape seed proanthocyanidin is mediated by enhancement of bile acid excretion and up-regulation of CYP7A1

Jiao, Rui; Zhang, Zesheng; Yu, Huan; Huang, Yü; Chen, Zhenyu

doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2009.10.007

Cited by 77 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In many previous studies, enhanced cholesterol catabolism has been reported to contribute to the reduction of plasma and liver cholesterol concentrations (31)(32)(33). In the current study, however, plasma and liver cholesterol concentrations did not correlate with the hepatic mRNA content of CYP7A1, which is a rate-limiting enzyme in bile acid synthesis (pϭ0.9088 and pϭ0.5574, respectively).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 78%

Raw Chinese Yam (Dioscorea opposita) Promotes Cecal Fermentation and Reduces Plasma Non-HDL Cholesterol Concentration in Rats

Nishimura

Tanabe

Yamamoto

et al. 2011

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

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SummaryWe examined the effects of raw Chinese yam ( Dioscorea opposita ), containing resistant starch (RS), on lipid metabolism and cecal fermentation in rats. Raw yam (RY) and boiled yam (BY) contained 33.9% and 6.9% RS, respectively. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a cholesterol-free, control (C) diet supplemented with or without 15 and 30 g of RY or BY/100 g for 3 wk. Plasma total cholesterol concentrations in the tail vein of rats fed the 30% RY diet were significantly lower than in the C group throughout the feeding period.Compared with the C group, non-HDL concentrations in arterial plasma in the 30% RY group was significantly reduced. Liver cholesterol concentration in rats fed the 30% RY diet was significantly higher compared with those fed the C diet. Hepatic cholesterol 7 ␣ -hydroxylase mRNA and fecal bile acid excretion were significantly higher in the BY, but not the RY group, compared with the C group. Fecal cholesterol excretion in the 30% RY group was greater compared with the C group. Hepatic microsomal triacylglycerol transfer protein mRNA was significantly lower in the 30% RY group compared with the C group. Cecal pools of acetate, propionate and butyrate were 113-257%, 181-476% and 410-789% greater in the RY group compared with the C group. These results suggest raw yam is effective as a source of RS and facilitates production of short chain fatty acid (SCFA), especially butyrate, in the rat cecum. In addition, RY has a plasma-cholesterol lowering effect, possibly due to the inhibited release of VLDL.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 78%

Raw Chinese Yam (Dioscorea opposita) Promotes Cecal Fermentation and Reduces Plasma Non-HDL Cholesterol Concentration in Rats

Nishimura

Tanabe

Yamamoto

et al. 2011

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

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“…Research has demonstrated that it can up-regulate the gene of CYP7A1 and increase the bile acid elimination . Grape seed polyphenols possess the similar activity of up-regulating CYP7A1 gene and accelerate the bile acid excretion (Jiao, Zhang, Yu, Huang, & Chen, 2010). Some resistant starch has a plasma cholesterol-lowering function via enhancement of CYP7A1 mRNA levels and fecal bile acid excretion (Han et al, 2005).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Role and classification of cholesterol-lowering functional foods

Chen

Ying

Liang

et al. 2011

Journal of Functional Foods

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162

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“…Total proteins from the liver and ileum were extracted according to a previously described method [38] . Membrane and cytoplasm proteins were electrophoresed by 8% SDS-PAGE and then transferred to a 0.22 μm polyvinylidene difluoride membrane.…”

Section: Western Blot Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Isoflavones and phytosterols contained in Xuezhikang capsules modulate cholesterol homeostasis in high-fat diet mice

Dong

Sun

et al. 2015

Acta Pharmacol Sin

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Aim: Xuezhikang (XZK), an extract of red yeast rice, has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat cardiovascular disease. Three fractions F1, F2 and F3 (primarily containing isoflavones, monacolins or phytosterols, respectively) are extracted from Xuezhikang capsules. In this study we evaluated the lipid-lowering effects of these fractions and explored the potential mechanisms of actions. Methods: Mice treated with a high-fat diet (HFD) were orally administered lovastatin (10 mg·kg -1 ·d -1 ), XZK (1200 mg·kg -1 ·d -1 ), F1 (27.5 mg·kg -1 ·d -1 ), F2 (11.3 mg·kg -1 ·d -1 ) or F3 (35 mg·kg -1 ·d -1 ) for 10 weeks. Lipids were measured using commercial enzymatic kits, and the mRNA and protein levels of genes involved in cholesterol and bile acid homeostasis were evaluated using qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis, respectively. Results: XZK increased the fecal excretion of lipids and bile acids, reduced serum TC, TG and LDL-C levels by 40%, 55% and 46%, respectively, and increased serum HDL-C by 31%. Administration of F1 repressed serum TC and TG by 24% and 52%, respectively, and elevated hepatic synthesis of CYP7A1. It also increased hepatic elimination of bile acids in the fecal excretions by 79% through upregulating BSEP and downregulating NTCP. Administration of F3 decreased serum TC, TG and LDL-C levels by 33%, 29% and 39%, respectively, and increased serum HDL-C by 28%, significantly reduced intestinal absorption of cholesterol by inhibiting the transcription of NPC1L1, and elevated excretion of TC, FC and CE by 96%, 72% and 101%, respectively. Administration of F2 showed pharmacological effects similar to those of lovastatin. Conclusion: Isoflavones and phytosterols in XZK exert cholesterol-lowering effects in HFD mice through mechanisms that differ from those of lovastatin. Isoflavones and phytosterols act in a complimentary manner: through enhancing the elimination of bile acids and reducing intestinal cholesterol absorption, respectively.

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Hypocholesterolemic activity of grape seed proanthocyanidin is mediated by enhancement of bile acid excretion and up-regulation of CYP7A1

Cited by 77 publications

References 20 publications

Raw Chinese Yam (Dioscorea opposita) Promotes Cecal Fermentation and Reduces Plasma Non-HDL Cholesterol Concentration in Rats

Raw Chinese Yam (Dioscorea opposita) Promotes Cecal Fermentation and Reduces Plasma Non-HDL Cholesterol Concentration in Rats

Role and classification of cholesterol-lowering functional foods

Isoflavones and phytosterols contained in Xuezhikang capsules modulate cholesterol homeostasis in high-fat diet mice

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