Hypocholesterolemic Effect of Indigestible Fraction of Chlorella regularis in Cholesterol-Fed Rats.

Abstract

SummaryThe effects of Chlorella regularis powder (CP) and Chlorella regularis indigestible fraction (CIF) on serum and liver lipid concentrations and on fecal steroid excretion were es timated in rats fed diets containing 5g/kg cholesterol and 2.5g/kg sodium cholate. The in gestion of 12.7% CP or 5.3% CIF did not influence food intake or growth. CP and CIF de creased the levels of serum cholesterol, but had no effect on the levels of serum triacylglyc erol and phospholipid. Liver cholesterol contents were lower in the CP and CIF groups than in the control group, but CP and CIF did not affect liver triacylglycerol content. CP and CIF increased the total amount of fecal neutral steroids excreted, but did not modify the total bile acid excretion. However, the soluble bile acid concentrations of reconstituted fecal water in the rats fed CP and CIF diets were lower than the control value. Moreover, CP and CIF had a high bile acid binding capacity in vitro. These results indicated that CIF had a hypocholes terolemic effect and enhanced fecal neutral steroid excretion while decreasing the soluble fecal bile acid concentration.

Hypocholesterolemic Mechanism ofChlorella:Chlorellaand Its Indigestible Fraction Enhance Hepatic Cholesterol Catabolism through Up-Regulation of Cholesterol 7α-Hydroxylase in Rats

“…Previously, we found that the indigestible fraction of Chlorella had a greater capacity to bind bile acids in vitro than did CP on a dry weight basis. 9) Here we confirmed that CIF is also capable of binding bile acids (data not shown). Taken together, it appears likely that CIF is the component in CP most responsible for the binding of bile acids and the upregulation of CYP7A1 expression.…”

“…Second, it has been reported to have certain beneficial physiological effects, such as y To whom correspondence should be addressed. Fax: +81-42-577-3020; E-mail: shinya-shibata@yakult.co.jp Abbreviations: ABC, ATP-binding cassette; CB, cholesterol + bile acid; CIF, Chlorella indigestible fraction; CP, Chlorella powder; CYP7A1, cholesterol 7-hydroxylase; CYP27A1, sterol 27-hydroxylase; FXR, farnesoid X receptor; HDL, high density lipoprotein; HNF-4, hepatocyte nuclear factor 4; HMGR, HMG-CoA reductase; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; LDLR, LDL receptor; LRH-1, liver receptor homolog-1; LXR, liver X receptor ; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; SHP, short heterodimer partner; SR-B1, scavenger receptor class B1; SREBP-2, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2; TG, triglyceride hypocholesterolemic, [9][10][11][12] antihypertensive, 13) antioxidative, 14,15) and anti-tumor 16,17) activities in animal and human studies.…”

The Production of Lutein-Enriched Eggs with Dietary Chlorella

“…Compare with higher plants, chlorella has an advantage because it can be cultivated in bioreactors on a large scale and thus are continuous and reliable source of product. It has been known that dietary intake of chlorella is effective in lowering blood lipid (Shibata et al, 2001) and enhancing immune response (An et al, 2008 …”

Effect of Silkworm (Bombyx mori) Excrement Powder on the Alcoholic Hepatotoxicit in Rats

“…It is also postulated that Chlorella, because of its high chlorophyll γ -GTP concentrations, is able to assist in the detoxification of heavy metals and pesticides [2]. It was reported that a unicellular green algae Chlorella contained important components, such as dietary fiber and chlorophyll have many physiological functions including potential hypocholesterolemic, hypoglycemic and hepatoprotective effects [5,25,27]. Silkworm excrement also contained the fiber and chlorophyll pigments derived from mulberry leaves [9,14].…”

“…It is well known that the nondigestible dietary fiber and chlorophyll pigments in a unicellular green algae Chlorella are important components and these have many physiologic functions including potential hypocholesterolemic and hepatoprotective effects [25,27]. Silkworm excrement also contained the fiber and chlorophyll pigments [9,14].…”