Hypocrisy Induction: Using Chatbots to Promote COVID-19 Social Distancing

Kim, WooJin; Ryoo, Yuhosua

doi:10.1089/cyber.2021.0057

Cited by 20 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…After participants finished the three phases of hypocrisy induction, they viewed ads for an anti-cyberbullying CSR campaign framed to manipulate a promotion or prevention regulatory focus. Consistent with prior research (Kim and Ryoo, 2022 ; Sung & Choi, 2011 ), the promotion-focused ad message used the slogan, “Free victims from cyberbullying,” followed by promotive messages “Let’s move toward cyber-utopia. Pay attention to their suffering.” The prevention-focused ad message used the slogan, “Prevent victims from being cyberbullied,” followed by preventive messages, “Let’s move away from cyber-dystopia.…”

Section: Studymentioning

confidence: 74%

“…Furthermore, when Morongiello and Mark ( 2008 ) replicated Aronson et al’s ( 1991 ) first hypocrisy induction study, 222 participants in many labs demonstrated reliable effects, with a 95% confidence interval for d from 0.59 to 0.74. Effects were also demonstrated in a study of 1377 consumers in naturally occurring settings (Gamma et al, 2020 ) regarding health (Peterson et al, 2008 ), civic behavior (Aronson et al, 1991 ; Stone et al, 1994 ), environmental protection (Dickerson et al, 1992 ; Gamma et al, 2020 ; Kim et al, 2022a , 2022b ; Priolo et al, 2016 ), shopping behavior (Rubens et al, 2015 ), and compliance with COVID-19 measures (Kim & Ryoo, 2022 ).…”

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Approach versus Avoidance: A Self-Regulatory Perspective on Hypocrisy Induction in Anti-Cyberbullying CSR Campaigns

Ryoo

Kim

2023

J Bus Ethics

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Governments, institutions, and brands try various intervention strategies for countering growing cyberbullying, but with questionable effectiveness. The authors use hypocrisy induction, a technique for subtly reminding consumers that they have acted contrary to their moral values, to see whether it makes consumers more willing to support brand-sponsored anti-cyberbullying CSR campaigns. Findings demonstrate that hypocrisy induction evokes varying reactions depending on regulatory focus, mediated by guilt and shame. Specifically, consumers who have a dominant promotion (prevention) focus feel guilt (shame), which motivates them to overcome their discomfort by supporting (avoiding) an anti-cyberbullying campaign. Moral regulation is drawn as a theoretical underpinning to explain various consumer reactions to hypocrisy induction, the moderating role of regulatory focus, and mediating role of guilt and shame. The research contributes to the literature and provides practical implications by explaining when and why brands can use hypocrisy induction to persuade consumers to support social causes through the lens of moral regulation theory.

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Section: Studymentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Approach versus Avoidance: A Self-Regulatory Perspective on Hypocrisy Induction in Anti-Cyberbullying CSR Campaigns

Ryoo

Kim

2023

J Bus Ethics

Self Cite

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“…Due to the social nature of these agents, AI can act as a model for social behavior that users may learn from ( Bandura, 1965 , 1977 ). According to Waytz et al (2010) , when someone anthropomorphizes or ascribes mind to an artificial agent, that agent then “serves as a source of social influence on the self.” In other words, “being watched by others matters, perhaps especially when others have a mind like one’s own.” Social actor AI is an anthropomorphized target; therefore, it can serve as a role model or operate as an ingroup member that has some involvement in setting social norms, as seen with the persuasive chatbot that convinced people to donate less to charity ( Zhou et al, 2022 ), the chatbot that persuaded users to get vaccinated for COVID-19 or participate in social distancing ( Kim and Ryoo, 2022 ), and the humanlike avatar that elicited more socially desirable responses from participants than a mere text-based chatbot did ( Krämer et al, 2003a ). Social actor AI can persuade people in these ways, regardless of whether people trust it or perceive it as credible ( Lee and Liang, 2016 , 2019 ).…”

Section: Part 1: Evidence For Carry-over Effects Between Human-ai Int...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ascribing consciousness to artificial intelligence: human-AI interaction and its carry-over effects on human-human interaction

Guingrich,

Graziano

2024

Front. Psychol.

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The question of whether artificial intelligence (AI) can be considered conscious and therefore should be evaluated through a moral lens has surfaced in recent years. In this paper, we argue that whether AI is conscious is less of a concern than the fact that AI can be considered conscious by users during human-AI interaction, because this ascription of consciousness can lead to carry-over effects on human-human interaction. When AI is viewed as conscious like a human, then how people treat AI appears to carry over into how they treat other people due to activating schemas that are congruent to those activated during interactions with humans. In light of this potential, we might consider regulating how we treat AI, or how we build AI to evoke certain kinds of treatment from users, but not because AI is inherently sentient. This argument focuses on humanlike, social actor AI such as chatbots, digital voice assistants, and social robots. In the first part of the paper, we provide evidence for carry-over effects between perceptions of AI consciousness and behavior toward humans through literature on human-computer interaction, human-AI interaction, and the psychology of artificial agents. In the second part of the paper, we detail how the mechanism of schema activation can allow us to test consciousness perception as a driver of carry-over effects between human-AI interaction and human-human interaction. In essence, perceiving AI as conscious like a human, thereby activating congruent mind schemas during interaction, is a driver for behaviors and perceptions of AI that can carry over into how we treat humans. Therefore, the fact that people can ascribe humanlike consciousness to AI is worth considering, and moral protection for AI is also worth considering, regardless of AI’s inherent conscious or moral status.

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“…Studies provide evidence that positive and negative emotions are a key driver of this dissonant behaviour -also known in the literature as induced compliance [16]. A persuader could appeal to emotions such as guilt [44], regret [45], and hypocrisy [46]. Research indicates that in order to minimize cognitive dissonances, supportive beliefs that outweigh the dissonant belief or behavior (e.g., the belief that smoking makes one appear sophisticated) may increase the importance of the conflicting belief (e.g., smoking causes cancer).…”

Section: Partial Categorisation Of Cognitive Bias Bias Confirmationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resource for Developing Persuasion Communication Systems: Key Variables, Techniques and Theories

Braca

Dondio

2022

Preprint

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Persuasion can be seen as a higher-level, abstract and complex cognitive process. Within the field of persuasion theory and research, there are a myriad of overlapping concepts and techniques which can lead to ambiguity and potential confusion in the choice of the most appropriate strategies. Persuasion communication is integral to areas including social psychology, marketing, health communications and political campaigning. Based on a review of persuasion theory and research, we collate and outline the most important variables to be collected when designing a persuasion model and the most commonly used models of persuasion. This paper also presents a taxonomy which outlines the landscape of persuasion techniques and which, along with presented examples, may assist in message tailoring and developing data-driven models of persuasive communication. We believe this paper can be a valuable resource to support researchers and practitioners in expediting and enhancing the process of data collection, selection of persuasion techniques and models of persuasive communication, and ultimately in the realisation of a more adequate and effective persuasion system.

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Hypocrisy Induction: Using Chatbots to Promote COVID-19 Social Distancing

Cited by 20 publications

References 65 publications

Approach versus Avoidance: A Self-Regulatory Perspective on Hypocrisy Induction in Anti-Cyberbullying CSR Campaigns

Approach versus Avoidance: A Self-Regulatory Perspective on Hypocrisy Induction in Anti-Cyberbullying CSR Campaigns

Ascribing consciousness to artificial intelligence: human-AI interaction and its carry-over effects on human-human interaction

Resource for Developing Persuasion Communication Systems: Key Variables, Techniques and Theories

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