Hypoglycaemia induced by Trichinella infection is due to the increase of glucose uptake in infected muscle cells

Wu, Zhiliang; Nagano, Isao; Kajita, Kazuo; Nishina, Masami; Takahashi, Yūzō

doi:10.1016/j.ijpara.2008.09.001

Cited by 20 publications

(45 citation statements)

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“…Only four animals in this study showed blood glucose values higher than those reported by previous authors, but they still fell within the ranges reported for estuarine crocodiles Crocodylus porosus (Millan & Janmaat 1997;Padilla et al 2011 Wu et al (2009) showed that the lowest levels of blood glucose in mice were reached at Day 13 PI and Day 18 PI for T. spiralis and T. pseudospiralis, respectively; T. pseudospiralis-infected mice took longer to return to normal. Similarly, mice infected with T. spiralis in other studies showed hypoglycaemia at Day 10 PI (Nishina & Suzuki 2002;Nishina et al 2004).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…However, the initial rise in blood glucose levels observed in the high-infection and medium-infection groups in this study cannot be explained. In the study by Wu et al (2009), blood glucose levels of the infected mice steadily increased following their initial drop and reached almost normal levels by Day 48 PI; they rarely reached levels above normal. In this study, however, blood glucose levels were maintained above the initial levels recorded on Day 0 and never decreased to normal levels during the experimental period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…This suggests that the level or intensity of infection has an effect on blood glucose levels. Modulation of the insulin pathway by the parasite is considered to cause hypoglycaemia, and blood glucose levels correspond to larval growth (Wu et al 2009). Wu et al (2009) additionally reported that minimum blood glucose levels in mice experimentally infected with T. spiralis and T. pseudospiralis were reached on Day 13 PI and Day 18 PI, respectively; in the case of the latter, recovery time from hypoglycaemia was longer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Trichinella infection has also been reported to influence blood glucose levels, and hypoglycaemia has been reported in humans (Busila et al 1968), mice (Nishina & Suzuki 2002;Wu et al 2009) and dogs (Reina et al 1989) infected with Trichinella species. The decrease in blood glucose has been attributed to the depletion of blood glucose by the parasite larvae (Wu et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The decrease in blood glucose has been attributed to the depletion of blood glucose by the parasite larvae (Wu et al 2009). In a study involving mice infected with T. spiralis, hypoglycaemia was observed at 10 days post infection (PI) (Nishina & Suzuki 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of selected biochemical parameters and humoral immune response of Nile crocodiles (Crocodylus niloticus) experimentally infected with Trichinella zimbabwensis

Grange

Mukaratirwa

2014

J S Afr Vet Assoc

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Fifteen crocodiles were randomly divided into three groups of five animals. They represented high-infection, medium-infection and low-infection groups of 642 larvae/kg, 414 larvae/kg and 134 larvae/kg bodyweight, respectively. The parameters assessed were blood glucose, creatine phosphokinase (CPK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT). The humoral immune response to Trichinella zimbabwensis infection was evaluated in all three groups by an indirect ELISA method. The results showed deviations from normal parameters of blood glucose, CPK, LDH, AST and ALT when compared with reported levels in uninfected reptiles. Contrary to studies involving mammals, hypoglycaemia was not observed in the infected groups in this study. Peak values of blood glucose were reached on post-infection (PI) Day 49, Day 42 and Day 35 in the high-infection, medium-infection and low-infection groups, respectively. Peak values of LDH and AST were observed on PI Day 56, Day 49 and Day 42 in the high-infection, medium-infection and low-infection groups, respectively. Peak values of CPK were observed on Day 35 PI in all three groups. Peak ALT values were reached on Day 56 in the high-infection group and on Day 28 PI in both the medium-infection and low-infection groups. No correlations between the biochemical parameters and infection intensity were observed. Peak antibody titres were reached on Day 49 PI in the medium-infection group, and on Day 42 PI in both the high-infection and low-infection groups. Infection intensity could not be correlated with the magnitude of the humoral immune response or time to sero-conversion. Results from this study were in agreement with results reported in mammals infected with other Trichinella species and showed that antibody titres could not be detected indefinitely.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Assessment of selected biochemical parameters and humoral immune response of Nile crocodiles (Crocodylus niloticus) experimentally infected with Trichinella zimbabwensis

Grange

Mukaratirwa

2014

J S Afr Vet Assoc

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Effect of methanolic extract of Balanites aegyptiaca fruits on enteral and parenteral stages of Trichinella spiralis in rats

Shalaby

Moghazy

Shalaby³

et al. 2010

Parasitol Res

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There is a considerable interest in developing new anthelmintic drugs including those from medicinal plants due to increasing evidence of parasitic resistance against present anthelmintic drugs and decreasing activity against encapsulated larval stages of parasites. This study was carried out to assess, for the first time, the effectiveness of methanolic extract of Balanites aegyptiaca (BAE) fruits against different stages (pre-adult, migrating larvae, and encysted larvae) of Trichinella spiralis in rats compared with commonly used anthelmintic albendazole. Oral administration of BAE at a dose of 1,000 mg/kg b.wt. for five successive days throughout the parasite life cycle led to a marked reduction of migrating and encysted larval rate by 81.7% and 61.7%, respectively, in the muscular tissue. This treatment was less effective against adults in the gut (47.8%). Albendazole treatment at a dose of 10 mg/kg b.wt. for five successive days resulted in a marked eradication of T. spiralis adult worms (94.4%) and less reduction of migrating and encysted larval infections of skeletal muscles (62.2% and 26.4%, respectively). BAE-treated groups showed marked decreases in serum-glucose levels, triglyceride concentrations, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine phosphokinase (CPK) activities, and lipid peroxide products (malondialdehyde, MDA) as well as an increase in glutathione level in both serum and muscular tissue compared to albendazole-treated- and infected-untreated groups. This result was confirmed by few numbers of living- and dead-encysted larvae and less destruction of the diaphragm and skeletal muscle tissues in BAE-treated groups compared to other treated groups. It can be concluded that the methanolic extract of B. aegyptiaca fruits has high effectiveness against parenteral stages of T. spiralis than albendazole. Albendazole is more effective against enteral stage of T. spiralis than the extract.

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Trichinella: What is going on during nurse cell formation?

Nagano

Takahashi

2013

Veterinary Parasitology

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Hypoglycaemia induced by Trichinella infection is due to the increase of glucose uptake in infected muscle cells

Cited by 20 publications

References 46 publications

Assessment of selected biochemical parameters and humoral immune response of Nile crocodiles (<i>Crocodylus niloticus</i>) experimentally infected with <i>Trichinella zimbabwensis</i>

Assessment of selected biochemical parameters and humoral immune response of Nile crocodiles (<i>Crocodylus niloticus</i>) experimentally infected with <i>Trichinella zimbabwensis</i>

Effect of methanolic extract of Balanites aegyptiaca fruits on enteral and parenteral stages of Trichinella spiralis in rats

Trichinella: What is going on during nurse cell formation?

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