Hypoglycemia

Hussain, Khalid; Dunne, Mark J.

doi:10.1002/9780470987117.ch22

Cited by 1 publication

(12 citation statements)

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“…Healthy term breastfed newborns have significantly lower blood glucose concentrations (mean 3.6 mmol/L; range 1.5–5.3), than those who are bottle-fed (mean 4.0 mmol/L; range 2.5–6.2), 7 but their ketone body concentrations are raised in response to breast feeding 18 24 Figure 2. shows the results of a study24 with the serial mean and±SD plasma glucose levels within the first 72 h of life in exclusively breastfed infants and figure 3 shows the distribution of these blood glucose levels.…”

Section: Glucose Physiology In the Normal Term Neonate: Making The Trmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Postprandially, blood glucose concentrations are determined by a balance between the rates of glucose removal from the systemic circulation and the rate of glucose being delivered into it 7. Also, postprandially the processes of glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, lipolysis and ketogenesis are all suppressed.…”

Section: How To Maintain Normal Blood Glucose Concentrations: Integramentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main tissues that account for the removal of glucose from the bloodstream include the liver, brain, muscle, small intestine and adipose tissue. Except for the brain, it is the plasma insulin concentration that largely determines the magnitude of glucose uptake by the tissues 7. The uptake of glucose by the brain is independent of the plasma insulin concentration and is determined by the plasma glucose concentration 7…”

Section: How To Maintain Normal Blood Glucose Concentrations: Integramentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ‘postabsorptive state’, reflects the 4–6 h interval following the ingestion of a meal 7. During this interval, a steady state is reached where plasma glucose concentrations are maintained within a normal range since the rate of glucose production equals that of glucose consumption 7.…”

Section: How To Maintain Normal Blood Glucose Concentrations: Integramentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A low blood glucose level has to be interpreted within the clinical scenario, the presence or absence of alternative substrates, the method used to measure blood glucose and in the neonatal period in relation to feeds 7. As hypoglycaemia is a common biochemical finding, making the correct diagnosis is extremely important as this will guide the clinician in patient management.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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What is a normal blood glucose?

Güemes

Rahman

Hussain³

2015

Arch Dis Child

Self Cite

185

112

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Glucose is the key metabolic substrate for tissue energy production. In the perinatal period the mother supplies glucose to the fetus and for most of the gestational period the normal lower limit of fetal glucose concentration is around 3 mmol/L. Just after birth, for the first few hours of life in a normal term neonate appropriate for gestational age, blood glucose levels can range between 1.4 mmol/L and 6.2 mmol/L but by about 72 h of age fasting blood glucose levels reach normal infant, child and adult values (3.5-5.5 mmol/L). Normal blood glucose levels are maintained within this narrow range by factors which control glucose production and glucose utilisation. The key hormones which regulate glucose homoeostasis include insulin, glucagon, epinephrine, norepinephrine, cortisol and growth hormone. Pathological states that affect either glucose production or utilisation will lead to hypoglycaemia. Although hypoglycaemia is a common biochemical finding in children (especially in the newborn) it is not possible to define by a single (or a range of) blood glucose value/s. It can be defined as the concentration of glucose in the blood or plasma at which the individual demonstrates a unique response to the abnormal milieu caused by the inadequate delivery of glucose to a target organ (eg, the brain). Hypoglycaemia should therefore be considered as a continuum and the blood glucose level should be interpreted within the clinical scenario and with respect to the counter-regulatory hormonal responses and intermediate metabolites.

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