Hypoglycemic and Hypotensive Activity of a Root Extract of Smilax aristolochiifolia, Standardized on N-trans-Feruloyl-Tyramine

Abstract

Abstract:The metabolic syndrome (MS) is a condition consisting of various metabolic abnormalities that are risk factors for developing kidney failure, cardiovascular, vascular and cerebrovascular diseases, among others. The prevalence of this syndrome shows a marked increase. The aim of this study was to investigate the pharmacological effect of Smilax aristolochiifolia root on some components of MS and obtain some of the active principle using chromatographic techniques. The compound isolated was N-trans-feruloyl tyramine NTF (1), and its structure was determined by spectroscopic and spectrometric analyses. The whole extract and the standardized fractions were able to control the weight gain around 30%; the fraction rich in NTF was able to decrease the hypertriglyceridemia by 60%. The insulin resistance decreased by approximately 40%; the same happened with blood pressure, since the values of systolic and diastolic pressure fell on average 31% and OPEN ACCESSMolecules 2014, 19 11367 37% respectively, to levels comparable to normal value. The treatment also had an immunomodulatory effect on the low-grade inflammation associated with obesity, since it significantly decreased the relative production of pro-inflammatory cytokines regarding anti-inflammatory cytokines, both kidney and adipose tissue. Therefore it can be concluded that the extract and fractions of Smilax aristolochiifolia root with NTF are useful to counteract some symptoms of MS in animal models.

Unraveling the active hypoglycemic agent trigonelline in Balanites aegyptiaca date fruit using metabolite fingerprinting by NMR

“…This hypothesis is supported by biochemical studies on the anti-diabetic action of fenugreek and balanites, revealing that the hypoglycemic activity of both phytomedicines is mediated via an insulinomimetic effect as well as an inhibition of the intestinal ␣-amylase activity [11]. N-feruloyltyramine, another alkaloid reported previously in B. aegyptiaca stem bark was also identified as active anti-diabetic agent in a Smilax aristolochiifia extract [18], however, it could not be detected in fruits used in this study by NMR or UPLC-MS.…”

“…Trigonelline acts by affecting č ell regeneration, insulin secretion, activities of enzymes related to glucose metabolism, and ameliorates oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes [18]. The comparable antidiabetic action found for both balanites and fenugreek seeds suggests that also in balanites the antidiabetic effect is mediated by trigonelline.…”

Antidiabetic, cytotoxic, antioxidant and antitrematodal medicinal efficacy of polar and non-polar phytochemicals of Balanites aegyptiaca Del.

“…Alkaloids might explicate the antidiabetic performance in the running study. N-trans-feruloyltyramine alkaloid isolated from Smilax aristolochiifolia, showed hypoglycemic and hypotensive activities and insulin resistance nearly reduced by 40% [30]. In the same line, different classes of alkaloids were found to enhance glucose uptake with credence of an increment in insulin-mediated glucose elimination [31].…”

Protocol for the analysis of phenolic compounds using nano-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and Caco-2 assays: from the evaluation of the uptake to the enterocyte metabolism

“…As brief summary of the protocol proposed, see Figure 1. We also show concrete findings and anticipated results about the phenolic compound N-feruloyltyramine, that may be of future interest to counteract some symptoms of metabolic syndrome [7].…”