Hypolipidemic and antioxidant activity of the aqueous extract from the uneaten pulp of the fruit from Cordia dichotoma in healthy and hyperlipidemic Wistar albino rats

Abstract

Hyperlipidemia is a major risk factor for coronary heart disease. Hyperlipidemia increases the incidence of myocardial ischemia and cardiac events. This study evaluated the potential hypolipidemic and antioxidant action of the aqueous extract from the uneaten pulp of the fruit from Cordia dichotoma ("CDNP extract"). In vivo studies were performed for 10 weeks on dietary hyperlipidemic and healthy Wistar albino rat models that received two dose levels of the CDNP extract (0.50 and 1.00 g/kg body weight). Serum lipid profiles were determined for the experimental animals. Dietary hyperlipidemic rats were characterized by an elevated lipid profile compared to the healthy control, i.e., increased levels of serum total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), and triglycerides (TG), although the level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) was reduced. Levels of antioxidant enzymes, i.e., glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT), were significantly higher in the dietary hyperlipidemic rats than in the normal healthy ones, while the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) was significantly lower. Force-feeding hyperlipidemic Wistar albino rats with the CDNP extract at two doses decreased TC, LDL-C, VLDL-C, and TG to normal levels. The risk ratio, which was as high as 870 % for the hyperlipidemic rats was decreased by the treatment to levels close to that calculated for the healthy control rats. Levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were very low in the hyperlipidemic Wistar albino rats but increased significantly when CDNP extract was adminstered, attaining similar HDL-C levels to those of healthy control rats. Treatment with the CDNP extract also improved the levels of antioxidant enzymes (GR, GST, GPx, SOD, and CAT) in hyperlipidemic Wistar albino rats. Thus, the CDNP extract improves the lipid metabolism of healthy and hyperlipidemic Wistar albino rats and can be employed in the management of dietary hyperlipidemia.

Safely effective hypoglycemic action of stevia and turmeric extracts on diabetic Albino rats

“…The increasing side effects of GLI (10 mg/kg) on the levels of the liver markers even higher more than the positive control may be due to the reported adverse effects of active ingredient (sulfonylurease) including inhibition of the metabolic flux via the pyruvate carboxylase reaction and hepatotoxic effects augmenting the liver enzymes activities and leading to leaking them into the bloodstream (El‐Hadary & Ramadan, 2019). The reducing action of both TUE and STE on the levels of the liver function markers at the used dosages may refer to the safety of such treatments in accordance with reports on other natural plant sources for example, goldenberry and Cordia dichotoma (Ramadan et al., 2013) and (El‐Newary et al., 2016) and can be attributed to the antioxidant capacity of these extracts. This fact may also explain the higher hepatic protective effect of turmeric than STE, as having higher antioxidant capacity (Table 4).…”

“…The increasing side effects of GLI (10 mg/kg) on the levels of the liver markers even higher more than the positive control may at the used dosages may refer to the safety of such treatments in accordance with reports on other natural plant sources for example, goldenberry and Cordia dichotoma (Ramadan et al, 2013) and (El-Newary et al, 2016) and can be attributed to the antioxidant capacity of these extracts. This fact may also explain the higher hepatic protective effect of turmeric than STE, as having higher antioxidant capacity (Table 4).…”

Purple wheat as a source of anthocyanins and its effect on the metabolism of rabbits

“…Other factors of oxi-dative stress (mainly GSH) were not elevated or were decreased and, the FRAP of the PS Karkulka fed group remained at the same level as in controls. According to recent literature (Choi et al 2010;El-Newary et al 2016;Apaydin et al 2018), harmful effects of oxidative stress on the physiological status of a model organism can be attributed to the increased lipid peroxidation (increased concentration of malondialdehyde) together with the lower activities of the GPx and SOD. The GSH values (GSH 25.4 ± 2 µmol/g of haemoglobin) measured in the erythrocytes of female HYLA broiler rabbits fed partly by ordinary wheat or anthocyanin-rich wheat did not differ among the groups tested, but showed some differences in comparison with other experiments.…”

Traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of the medicinal species of the genus Cordia (Boraginaceae)

“…The essential oil extracted from C. gilletii , taxifolin‐enriched methanol fraction of C. dichotoma , ethyl acetate fraction of Cordia verbenacea , cordiarimides A and B isolated from C. globifera and rufescenolides B, C and D, and yunnaneic acids I and J were studied for their antioxidant activity . Aqueous fruit extract of the C. dichotoma improved antioxidant level in hyperlipidaemic rats after 10 weeks of dietary supplementation of extract and also improved lipid profile in rats (Tables and ).…”