Hypolipidemic Effect of Hemp Seed Oil from the Northern Morocco Endemic Beldiya Ecotype in a Mice Model: Comparison with Fenofibrate Hypolipidemic Drugs

Abstract

Introduction. Cannabis sativa is a source of oil seeds for pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food uses. Objective. The aim of this study is to evaluate the hypolipidemic effect of hemp seed oil (HSO) obtained from a local ecotype called “Beldiya.” Methods. The extraction of HSO was carried out by cold press method. Then, the fatty acid and tocopherol composition was analyzed, respectively, by GC-FID and HPLC. The hypolipidemic activity of HSO at a dose of 3.5 and 7 mg/kg body weight was evaluated in Triton WR-1339-induced hyperlipidemic mice by measuring plasma cholesterol (total lipid, HDL, and LDL), plasma triglycerides, and atherogenic index using enzymatic methods. Fenofibrate was used as a standard hypolipidemic drug at a dose of 3.5 mg/kg body weight. Results. Analyzed HSO shows a high unsaturated fatty acids’ content with the dominance of linoleic acid (48.85%), oleic acid (21.82%), as well as α- and γ-linolenic acid (14.72%). The result demonstrates that this typical vegetable oil contains a high concentration of γ-tocopherol (456 mg·kg−1 oil). Furthermore, the administration of HSO decreases plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL-cholesterol while increases HDL-cholesterol. Consequently, the HSO reduces the atherogenic index and LDL/HDL ratio. The hypolipidemic effect of fenofibrate is relatively more marked comparatively to that of HSO especially concerning total cholesterol and its LDL fraction. Conclusions. The local ecotype HSO has an interesting effect on plasma lipid parameters and might be beneficial for the treatment of hyperlipidemia and prevention of atherosclerosis.

Polyphenol-rich extract from loquat fruit peel prevents hyperlipidemia and hepato-nephrotoxicity in mice: in vivo study and in silico prediction of possible mechanisms involving identified polyphenols and/or their circulating metabolites

“…47,48 Our research showed that the Triton WR-1339 injection increased body weight, visceral adipose tissue mass, triglyceridemia, glycemia and liver lipid content; this is in accordance with previous studies. 21,49…”

“…47,48 Our research showed that the Triton WR-1339 injection increased body weight, visceral adipose tissue mass, triglyceridemia, glycemia and liver lipid content; this is in accordance with previous studies. 21,49 However, the administration of peel extract significantly lowered the concentrations of TG in plasma, liver, and adipocytes, while raising their levels in bile and feces. This result suggests that the tested extract could increase the clearance of TG-rich lipoproteins by peripheral organs via increased lipoprotein lipase activity, as hypothesized by Jawed et al 50 Moreover, significant reductions in body weight gain and liver and adipose mass were seen in the treated groups.…”

“…This is consistent with earlier research conducted on mice and rats. 21,[40][41][42] In fact, regarding lipid metabolism, the Triton injection resulted in an increase of plasma total cholesterol and LDLcholesterol and a decrease of HDL-cholesterol, which hindered the atherogenic index (AI) and LDL/HDL ratio. However, concomitant treatment with peel extract restored these abnormalities.…”

“…19 Experimentally, it is used to induce acute hyperlipidemia in animal models in order to screen lipidlowering natural or chemical drugs and to study lipid metabolism disorders. 20,21 Triton WR-1339 creates hyperlipidemia by promoting hepatic cholesterol synthesis, particularly via increased HMG-CoA reductase activity and inhibition of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), which is responsible for the hydrolysis of plasma triglycerides. 22,23 Thus, blocking the take up of lipids from circulation to extra-hepatic tissues, resulting in increased blood lipid concentrations, which cause hepatic accumulation of lipid droplets and then liver damage.…”

Selected Seeds as Sources of Bioactive Compounds with Diverse Biological Activities

“…The levels of LDL-C were decreased by 61%, and the levels of HDL-C increased by 324%. These changes resulted in reduced atherogenic index and LDL/HDL ratio [ 186 ]. On the other hand, in a study by Majewski and Jurgoński supplementation of obese male Zucker rats with hemp seed oil (4% diet) decreased the concentration of HDL and triglycerides, but did not affect total cholesterol levels [ 187 ].…”