Hypolipidemic Effects of Phospholipids (PL) Containing n‐3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFA) Are Not Dependent on Esterification of n‐3 PUFA to PL

Abstract

Phospholipids (PL) containing n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have beneficial effects of maintaining and promoting health compared with triacylglycerols (TAG) containing n-3 PUFA or general PL. This study evaluated the effects of dietary PL containing n-3 PUFA and elucidated the effects of the glycerophosphate structure and n-3 PUFA on fatty acid (FA) metabolism in rats. Rats were fed a basal diet containing soybean oil alone, TAG containing n-3 PUFA (1.8%), soybean PL (2.7%), PL containing n-3 PUFA (2.7%), or TAG containing n-3 PUFA (1.8%) + soybean PL (2.7%). The present n-3 PUFA-supplemented diets had similar FA compositions, and the PL diets had similar PL compositions. TAG containing n-3 PUFA reduced serum TAG contents, but did not affect serum cholesterol contents compared with soybean oil alone. PL diets containing n-3 PUFA and the combination of TAG containing n-3 PUFA and soybean PL resulted in decreased serum and liver TAG contents compared with the diet containing soybean oil alone, reflecting enhanced liver FA β-oxidation. The results of this study show that TAG containing n-3 PUFA with added soybean PL affects serum and liver TAG and cholesterol contents to a similar degree as PL containing n-3 PUFA. TAG containing n-3 PUFA and soybean PL are widely used as functional food ingredients and pharmaceutical constituents and are inexpensive compared with PL containing n-3 PUFA. Therefore, the combination of TAG containing n-3 PUFA and soybean PL has potential as a useful and inexpensive component of functional foods.

Dietary Tuna Dark Muscle Protein Attenuates Hepatic Steatosis and Increases Serum High‐Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Obese Type‐2 Diabetic/Obese KK‐Ay Mice

“…The moisture concentration was measured as the loss in weight by drying at 105 °C for 24 h, and then the ash content was estimated after direct ignition at 550 °C for 24 h. The crude fat content was analyzed according to the chloroform/methanol/water method (Bligh and Dyer ). The EPA and DHA contents of TDMP were measured using gas chromatography (GC) as described previously (Fukunaga and others ). The cholesterol content in casein and TDMP were measured by a GC (GC‐2010; Shimadzu Co.) with SE‐30 packed column (Shinwa Chemical Industries, Kyoto, Japan) adding an internal standard of 5α‐cholestane.…”

“…The hepatic fractions (cytosol and mitochondria) were collected by an ultracentrifuge, as described previously (Fukunaga and others ). The activities of fatty acid synthase (FAS) and glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) in the cytosolic fraction (Kelley and Kletzien ; Kelley and others ) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase‐2 (CPT‐2) in the mitochondrial fraction (Markwell and others ) were assayed spectrophotometrically.…”

Genotoxicity evaluation of oil prepared from the internal organs of the Japanese giant scallop (<i>Patinopecten yessoensis</i>)

“…After methylation of fatty acids (FA) with boron trifluoride methanol, the FA compositions of the SCO-M and SCO-U were determined using a gas chromatograph-ic (GC) system (GC-2014; Shimadzu Co., Kyoto, Japan) equipped with Omegawax ® capillary column (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany) employing tridecanoic acid (C13:0) as an internal standard as described previously (Fukunaga et al, 2016). The PL content of SCO-M and SCO-U was determined using phosphorus analyses as described previously (Rouser et al, 1970).…”

Effect of Dietary Oil Rich in Docosahexaenoic Acid-Bound Lysophosphatidylcholine Prepared from Fishery By-Products on Lipid and Fatty Acid Composition in Rat Liver and Brain

“…experimental diets After methylation of FA with boron trifluoride methanol, the FA composition of the squid crude PL, DHA-LPC rich oil, and experimental diets were determined using a gas chromatography GC system GC-2014; Shimadzu Co., Kyoto, Japan with Omegawax ® capillary GC column Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany as described previously 16 . The PL contents of the squid crude PL and DHA-LPC rich oil were determined using phosphorus analyses as described previously 17 .…”