Hypometabolism with Fasting in the Yellow Perch (Perca flavescens): A Study of Enzymes, Hepatocyte Metabolism, and Tissue Size

Foster, Glen D.; Moon, Thomas W.

doi:10.1086/physzool.64.1.30158523

Cited by 92 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Although we had not expected to see a change of this magnitude, reductions in SMR of a similar size have been reported in arthropods (Young and Block, 1980; but see Sinclair et al, 2011) and ectothermic vertebrates (Foster and Moon, 1991;Christian et al, 1996;Fuery et al, 1998;McCue, 2007) during prolonged fasting. There are several possible physiological mechanisms to adaptively reduce SMR (reviewed in Storey and Storey, 1990;Hand and Hardewig, 1996) and starvation-induced reductions in the microbial symbionts (sensu Carrero-Colon et al, 2006;Arrese and Soulages, 2010;Kohl et al, 2014) could also underlie changes in metabolic rates.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

The speed and metabolic cost of digesting a blood meal depends on temperature in a major disease vector

McCue

Boardman

Clusella‐Trullas

et al. 2016

Journal of Experimental Biology

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The energetics of processing a meal is crucial for understanding energy budgets of animals in the wild. Given that digestion and its associated costs may be dependent on environmental conditions, it is necessary to obtain a better understanding of these costs under diverse conditions and identify resulting behavioural or physiological trade-offs. This study examines the speed and metabolic costs -in cumulative, absolute and relative energetic terms -of processing a bloodmeal for a major zoonotic disease vector, the tsetse fly Glossina brevipalpis, across a range of ecologically relevant temperatures (25, 30 and 35°C). Respirometry showed that flies used less energy digesting meals faster at higher temperatures but that their starvation tolerance was reduced, supporting the prediction that warmer temperatures are optimal for bloodmeal digestion while cooler temperatures should be preferred for unfed or post-absorptive flies. 13C-Breath testing revealed that the flies oxidized dietary glucose and amino acids within the first couple of hours of feeding and overall oxidized more dietary nutrients at the cooler temperatures, supporting the premise that warmer digestion temperatures are preferred because they maximize speed and minimize costs. An independent test of these predictions using a thermal gradient confirmed that recently fed flies selected warmer temperatures and then selected cooler temperatures as they became post-absorptive, presumably to maximize starvation resistance. Collectively these results suggest there are at least two thermal optima in a given population at any time and flies switch dynamically between optima throughout feeding cycles.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

The speed and metabolic cost of digesting a blood meal depends on temperature in a major disease vector

McCue

Boardman

Clusella‐Trullas

et al. 2016

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…These results are different from those described for other species, such as S. aurata (Gómez-Milán et al 2007, Vargas-Chacoff et al 2009a and Oreochromis mossambicus (Fiess et al 2007). In the present study, the lowest glucose or lactate concentrations in these months are associated with changes in hepatic parameters related to glucose or lactic acid metabolism (see below), and could indicate a reduction in the hepatic capacity to produce these metabolites, focusing these resources into somatic growth (Foster andMoon 1991, Sala-Rabanal et al 2003). In addition, in spring (April) plasmatic levels of proteins, triglycerides (TAG) and liver glycogen increased, while HSI decreased (probably due to hepatic TAG mobilization), followed by a depletion in plasma glucose, proteins and TAG as well as liver glycogen (May-July), which may also be related to an acceleration in the growth of the animals (Gallardo et al 2003, Ibarz et al 2005, Vargas-Chacoff et al 2009a.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Yearly growth and metabolic changes in earthen pond-cultured meagre <em>Argyrosomus regius</em>

Vargas‐Chacoff¹,

Ruíz-Jarabo²,

Páscoa³

et al. 2014

Sci. Mar.

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Summary:Metabolic modifications associated with natural environmental conditions were assessed in the meagre Argyrosomus regius cultured in earthen ponds under natural photoperiod and temperature. Juvenile specimens (90-100 g initial weight) were sampled (plasma, liver and muscle) every two months for 18 months (between December 2004 and May 2006). Specimens showed seasonal variations in growth rate, with the highest values in spring and summer. Plasmatic, hepatic and muscular metabolite levels and hepatic and muscular metabolic enzymes also showed significant variations throughout the year. Enzymatic activity related to carbohydrate metabolism in the liver (HK, FBPase and G6PDH) showed great modifications in summer, increasing glycogenogenic pathways, while amino acid metabolism (GDH and GOT activity) was enhanced in spring and summer. However lipid-related (G3PDH activity) metabolic enzymes did not show a clear seasonal pattern. In muscle, enzymatic activity related to amino acid, lipid and lactate metabolism (LDH-O activity), but not carbohydrate metabolism, showed seasonal changes in parallel with changes in growth rate. Thus A. regius specimens showed a trend to grow in summer months and mobilize their energy reserves in winter. Differences in the hepatic level were observed between the first and the second year of the study, suggesting the possible existence of metabolic changes related to specimen age or size. Our results indicate that growth and metabolic responses in A. regius are environmentally dependent and that this species is a very good candidate for diversification in aquaculture.Keywords: Argyrosomus regius; energy; growth; metabolic parameters; ponds; seasons. Crecimiento y cambios metabólicos anuales en corvina Argyrosomus regius cultivada en esterosResumen: Modificaciones metabólicas asociadas a condiciones ambientales temporales fueron evaluadas en la corvina Argyrosomus regius, cultivadas en esteros con fotoperiodo y temperatura natural. Ejemplares juveniles (90-100 g de peso inicial) fueron muestreados (plasma, hígado y músculo) cada dos meses durante 18 meses (entre diciembre de 2004 y mayo de 2006). Las muestras mostraron variaciones estacionales en la tasa de crecimiento, con valores más altos durante la primavera y el verano. Niveles de metabolitos plasmáticos, hepáticos y musculares, así como las actividades de enzimas metabólicas hepáticas y musculares también presentaron variaciones significativas a lo largo del año. La actividad enzimática relacionada con el metabolismo de carbohidratos en el hígado (HK, FBPasa y G6PDH) mostró altas modificaciones en el verano, el aumento de las vías glucogenogénicas, mientras el metabolismo de aminoácidos (actividades de GDH y GOT) se incrementó en temporadas de primavera y verano. Sin embargo la actividad de G3PDH (enzima metabólica relacionada con los lípidos) no mostró un claro patrón estacional. En el músculo, la actividad enzimática respecto a los aminoácidos, lípidos y el metabolismo del lactato (LDH-O) presentó cambios estacionales en paral...

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“…Hence for gluconeogenesis, enzymes specific to glycolysis (e.g., glucose phosphate isomerase, hexokinase, aldolase, and glyceraldehydes 3-phosphate dehydrogenase) are downregulated, whereas the enzymes that catalyze gluconeogenic steps (e.g., glucose-6-phosphatase, pyruvate carboxylase, and phospoenolpyruvate carboxykinase [PEPCK]) are upregulated. Seven-week and 4-month fasts, respectively, for the fishes P. flavescens and Pleuronectes platessa resulted in significant reductions in the activities of liver hexokinase and pyruvate kinase, concurrent with increases in liver PEPCK activity (184,381).…”

Section: Glucosementioning

confidence: 98%

“…In addition to the liver, glycogen is also depleted during fasting from skeletal muscle (by 60%-89% over 1-20 months) for the lungfishes P. annectens and P. aethiopicus, the teleosts Rutilus rutilus and Perca flavescens, and the anurans X. laevis and R. esculenta (184,221,291,(373)(374)(375). Fasting reduces glycogen stores from the brain of Oncorhynchus mykiss (72% after 4 days) and S. salar (90% after 7 weeks), and from the ovaries of X. laevis (by 98% after 12 months) (375,516,518).…”

Section: Substrate Utilization During Fasting Glycogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrative Physiology of Fasting

Secor

Carey

2016

Comprehensive Physiology

149

144

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Extended bouts of fasting are ingrained in the ecology of many organisms, characterizing aspects of reproduction, development, hibernation, estivation, migration, and infrequent feeding habits. The challenge of long fasting episodes is the need to maintain physiological homeostasis while relying solely on endogenous resources. To meet that challenge, animals utilize an integrated repertoire of behavioral, physiological, and biochemical responses that reduce metabolic rates, maintain tissue structure and function, and thus enhance survival. We have synthesized in this review the integrative physiological, morphological, and biochemical responses, and their stages, that characterize natural fasting bouts. Underlying the capacity to survive extended fasts are behaviors and mechanisms that reduce metabolic expenditure and shift the dependency to lipid utilization. Hormonal regulation and immune capacity are altered by fasting; hormones that trigger digestion, elevate metabolism, and support immune performance become depressed, whereas hormones that enhance the utilization of endogenous substrates are elevated. The negative energy budget that accompanies fasting leads to the loss of body mass as fat stores are depleted and tissues undergo atrophy (i.e., loss of mass). Absolute rates of body mass loss scale allometrically among vertebrates. Tissues and organs vary in the degree of atrophy and downregulation of function, depending on the degree to which they are used during the fast. Fasting affects the population dynamics and activities of the gut microbiota, an interplay that impacts the host's fasting biology. Fasting-induced gene expression programs underlie the broad spectrum of integrated physiological mechanisms responsible for an animal's ability to survive long episodes of natural fasting.

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Hypometabolism with Fasting in the Yellow Perch (Perca flavescens): A Study of Enzymes, Hepatocyte Metabolism, and Tissue Size

Cited by 92 publications

References 18 publications

The speed and metabolic cost of digesting a blood meal depends on temperature in a major disease vector

The speed and metabolic cost of digesting a blood meal depends on temperature in a major disease vector

Yearly growth and metabolic changes in earthen pond-cultured meagre <em>Argyrosomus regius</em>

Integrative Physiology of Fasting

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