2014
DOI: 10.4172/2155-9562.1000195
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Hyponatremia and Voltage Gated Potassium Channel Antibody Associated Limbic Encephalitis

Abstract: Limbic encephalitis may occur as an infectious, paraneoplastic, or autoimmune phenomenon. One such cause of limbic encephalitis is voltage gated potassium channel antibodies (VKGC). Hyponatremia with new cognitive decline may be one of the presenting symptoms. The exact mechanism of hyponatremia is unknown though findings consistent with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) are observed. We retrospectively reviewed all cases admitted to an academic medical center with a diagnosis of limbic en… Show more

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Cited by 7 publications
(10 citation statements)
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“…However, while psychogenic polydipsia was evident, our patient showed no signs of SIADH. The mechanisms contributing to hyponatremia in patients with anti-LGI1 encephalitis have been investigated in a very limited number of patients [ 22 , 23 ], and additional mechanisms, including psychogenic polydipsia, may promote hyponatremia in the context of anti-LGI1 encephalitis. LGI1 is expressed in the renal tubular system [ 24 ], which provides another potential mechanism for the dysregulation of the sodium balance.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, while psychogenic polydipsia was evident, our patient showed no signs of SIADH. The mechanisms contributing to hyponatremia in patients with anti-LGI1 encephalitis have been investigated in a very limited number of patients [ 22 , 23 ], and additional mechanisms, including psychogenic polydipsia, may promote hyponatremia in the context of anti-LGI1 encephalitis. LGI1 is expressed in the renal tubular system [ 24 ], which provides another potential mechanism for the dysregulation of the sodium balance.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However approximately 80% of cases of VGKC encephalitis develop hyponatremia at some time during the illness, generally as a result of SIADH. [ 8 9 ] Limbic system has an important role in sodium and water balance. [ 5 ] Limbic encephalitis is an important component of the anti-VGKC syndrome.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[ 5 ] Limbic encephalitis is an important component of the anti-VGKC syndrome. [ 8 ] Hence, there might be a hidden link between anti-VGKC antibody syndrome and SIADH via the limbic pathway, yet to be confirmed. Patients with anti-VGKC antibody syndrome often report in neuro and psychiatry departments due to twitching or memory fluctuations and hallucination.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This is usually localized to the hippocampus and amygdala, occasionally straying into the insula cortex or parahippocampal gyrus. In addition, there have been more recent reports of basal ganglia and hypothalamic involvement in MRI studies of such patients [21] , [22] , [23] . However, around 40% of patients show no imaging abnormalities and therefore clinical recognition remains paramount.…”
Section: Clinical Characteristics Of Autoimmune Epilepsiesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Over 70% of seizures reported in studies were of focal onset with secondary generalization [7] , [19] , [23] , [27] , [28] , however in some generalized tonic-clonic seizures a focal onset was not apparent [7] , [28] , [29] , [30] . The characteristic semiology termed FBDS has been described in patients with LGI1-antibodies and will be discussed below [22] , [31] .…”
Section: Clinical Characteristics Of Autoimmune Epilepsiesmentioning
confidence: 99%